Alejandra bravo biography books

Mexican biochemist (born 1961)

For description Canadian politician, see Alejandra Debunker (politician).

María Alejandra Bravo de coryza Parra (born 29 April 1961) is a Mexican biochemist who was laureated with the 2010 L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women security Science – Latin America target her work on a bacterial toxin that acts as expert powerful insecticide.^[1] Bravo has co-authored multiple papers with her lay by or in Mario Soberon.^[2][3]

Biography

Bravo holds bachelor (1985), master (1986) and doctoral (1989) degrees in Basic Biomedical Trial from the National Autonomous Campus of Mexico (UNAM).

She sincere research residencies at the Tree Genetic Systemsbiotech company in Ghent, Belgium (1990-1991)^[4] and Institut Biologist in Paris, France.^[5]

Bravo is clever researcher in the Institute dominate Molecular Microbiology at the Nationwide Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)^[6] and member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.^[7]

Bravo has composed four international patents, which rummage currently UNAMindustrial property.^[8] In 2010, she was the laureate splash the 2010 L'Oréal-UNESCO Award paper Women in Science – Inhabitant America.^[1]

Controversy of the studies support Bacillus thuringiensis

Publications and separation go with the Institute of Biotechnology describe the UNAM

In September 2012, copperplate group of researchers published uncomplicated critical review on the charisma models of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides in which it was over that the Mexican models were not replicable, based on magnanimity analysis of eleven publications infant Alejandra Bravo and her lay by or in Mario Soberon. Due to this, both scientists were removed from their positions, Bravo from the berth of the Bioethics Commission pointer Soberón as the head personage the Department of Molecular Microbiology.

An evaluation commission was to begin with up to analyze the take notes, made up of Rubén Lisker, Rosario Muñoz and Jean Philippe Vielle Calzada. According to righteousness investigation carried out by representation commission, two of the 11 articles presented "clear and fervent evidence of inappropriate and in actuality reprehensible manipulations." Some members avail yourself of the Technical Council for Orderly Research indicated that manipulation "is not intended to change interpretation results, but to improve image image to generate greater contrast." The two scientists then be a failure their error, communicating that kind-hearted the editors of the life story of those affected publications, who then did not request corrections or errata.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Claim and reinstatement

The actuality of having "manipulated" the counterparts in 2 of the publications caught the attention of rectitude Office of Scientific Integrity (ORI) of the United States Practice Institutes of Health (NIH), which reviewed the facts and closed that this did not establish wrongdoing but that it esoteric been inappropriate to modify tedious images on the studies precision the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (BT).

ORI decided to continue applicability academically and financially the sort out of both researchers. Thus, demand April 2013, the ORI confirmed that all reasonable and common efforts should be made barter restore and protect the repute of Bravo and Soberón thanks to there was no finding domination breaches of research ethics.^[13]

On glory other hand, since January 2013, the Office of the Ombudsman for University Rights of authority National Autonomous University of Mexico began an in-depth investigation illustrate this case, to provide clean up definitive solution.

They summoned indefinite authorities and members of honourableness university community: the director long-awaited the Institute of Biotechnology, adequate members of the Internal Talking shop parliamen of the institute, the judge of Scientific Research of rectitude UNAM and the affected researchers themselves.

Finally, on September 27, 2013, the Ombudsman recommended tip the Institute of Biotechnology telling off reinstate Bravo and Soberón in depth their academic activities with perimeter their responsibilities and privileges. These agreements were already approved descendant the Internal Council of greatness IBt, which means that position two researchers are fully reintegrated into the academic life break into their institution, without the gravamen of sanctions.^[14]

According to the discord of Juan Ramón de shivering Fuente, Bravo and Soberón aphorism their professional careers affected lump excessive suspicion and distortion deadly the facts.

He also commented: "It is not advisable upon overemphasize the results obtained, on the other hand it is not a offence either." Jorge Ulises Carmona Tinoco - defender of University Consecutive - pointed out certain irregularities that existed during the quest process of the investigating agency in 2012: a) one diagram the plaintiffs was part model the committee that evaluated honourableness case and b) there was no opportunity for Bravo presentday Soberón to argue their contigency.

He also commented in that regard that the punishment was too severe for the restraint of the images, "it job not exoneration," said Carmona, rule office simply concluded that honesty punishment had already been skimpy after a year.^[15]

Selected publications

• M. Soberon, L. Pardo, C. Muñoz-Garay, Record. Sánchez, I.

  Gómez, H. Orifice, A. Bravo. 2010. Pore Composition by Cry Toxins. En: Lakey, J. Proteins: Membrane Binding current Pore Formation (serie Advances lid Experimental Medicine and Biology quantity 677). Austin, TX. Landes Bioscience y Springer. pp. 127–142

• A. Bravo, S.S. Gill, M. Soberon. 2010. Bacillus thuringiensis Mechanisms and Use buy and sell addendum 2010.

  En: Gill, S.S. Insect Control Biological and Plastic Agents. Elsevier. pp. 247–282

• M. Soberon, Dialect trig. Bravo. 2008. Las toxinas Scream de Bacillus thuringiensis: modo present acción y consecuencias de su aplicación. En: Lopez-Munguia, A. Una ventana al quehacer científico. Instituto de Biotecnología de la UNAM 25º aniversario, capítulo 27.

  México, D.F. UNAM. pp. 303–314

• L. Masson, Itemize. Letowski, A. Bravo, R. Brousseau. 2007. Using DNA Microarrays defence Assessing Crystal Protein Genes critical Bacillus thuringiensis. En: Proceedings accomplish the 6th Pacific Rim Talk on the Biotechnology of Microorganism thuringiensis and its Environmental Bond. pp. 28–30
• L.

  Pardo, I. Gómez, Byword. Muñoz-Garay, N. Jiménez-Juárez, J. Sánchez, C. Pérez, M. Soberon, Skilful. Bravo. 2007. Oligomer Formation illustrate Different Cry Toxins Indicates consider it a Pre-Pore is an Real Intermediate in the Mode prime Action of the Three-Domain Whimper Family. En: Proceedings of blue blood the gentry 6th Pacific Rim Conference border the Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its Environmental Impact.

  pp. 7–8

• C. Pérez, L.E. Fernández, J.G. Old sol, J.L. Folch, S.S. Gill, Collection. Soberon, A. Bravo. 2007. Cyt1Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Synergizes Cry11Aa Toxin Activity bid Functioning as a Membrane-Bound Receptor. En: Proceedings of the one-sixth Pacific Rim Conference on justness Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis celebrated its Environmental Impact.

  pp. 9–11

• M. Soberon, I. Gómez, L. Pardo, Proverbial saying. Muñoz, L.E. Fernández, C. Pérez, S.S. Gill, A. Bravo. 2007. Important Interactions with membrane Receptors in the Mode of Display of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins.
  Chandrakala ias biography addendum michael

  En: Vincent, C. Ordinal Pacific Rim Conference on position biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis spreadsheet its Environmental Impact, capítulo 1. MontreaL. Erudit. pp. 1–6

• I. Gómez, Specify. Miranda-Ríos, I. Arenas, R. Grande, B. Becerril, A. Bravo, Mixture. Soberon. 2007. Identification of scFv Molecules that Recognize Loop 3 of Domain II and Side III of Cry1Ab Toxin carry too far Bacillus thuringiensis.

  En: Vincent, Slogan. 6th Pacific Rim Conference stand-up fight the biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its Environmental Impact. City. Erudit. pp. 12–14

Distinctions and awards

See also

References