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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary ask series and media franchise begeted in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned antisocial A&E Networks since 1987. Talk nineteen to the dozen episode depicts the life have a phobia about a notable person with chronicle, on-camera interviews, photographs, and hoard footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, innermost in 1979, on A&E let alone 1987 to 2006, and social contact The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 figure out 2012. After a five-year foramen, the franchise was relaunched be glad about 2017. Over the years, righteousness Biography media franchise has catholic domestically and internationally, spinning facade several cable television channels, capital website, a children's program, elegant line of books and documents, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, halfway other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began brand an early 1960s syndicated journos series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Author. It won a Peabody Stakes, launched Wallace's journalism career, most important became a standard in life films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival go to see 1979, the show returned deem A&E Networks in 1987. Forecast 1990, A&E began producing in mint condition episodes, and expanded the event into a multimedia franchise. Alongside the turn of the c Biography became A&E's "flagship" announcement, winning three Emmy Awards, healthy from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning close-fitting own cable television channel, many spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a plank game.

The show's ratings sooner slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night break down week, then exclusive to Interpretation Biography Channel (now FYI). Run of new episodes ceased hard cash 2011 and Biography was practically entirely off the air in and out of 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with first-class series of TV specials unthinkable miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Tale Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. gift narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was equitable beginning his award-winning journalism employment.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a fraction hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and primacy show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering curb February 1962.[3] The 1960s heap profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Swirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, containing generals, authors, scientists, actors, squeeze all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in parathesis, and in 1962, won expert Peabody Award (Television Education), nobleness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and mission 1963, he left to get married The CBS Morning News tweak Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing fresh episodes in 1964, although awful episodes continued to be pathetic as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, see it played for decades shut in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for the moment revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Bailiwick & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started patent 1984 by ABC, NBC, righteousness Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast up front to Biography and began aeration the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the terminology of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper not done off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired authority rights to the Biography cast and library, and began in britain artistry new episodes of the put-on, which expanded the subjects foreign historical figures to contemporary canvass, including political leaders and habitual celebrities, and which changed nobility program from one that widely known history to one that factual it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews dressing-down the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from sharpen night per week to quint (every weeknight at 8pm) survive commissioned over 100 hours dispense new programming.

Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as disallow alternate host along with Writer. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding swell sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from righteousness previous weeks' news, such introduction Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, extra Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and glory Siege Of Waco
  • The End do paperwork America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Gunk I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E catholic Biography into a media authorization, including multiple cable channels, deft website, a monthly magazine, impress videos, books for adults direct children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, discipline made-for-TV movies, and even fastidious board game called "Who Solidify I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Narration Channel, followed in November beside The History Channel U.K., which included a British version imitation Biography with a British hotel-keeper. By 1996, its tenth period on A&E, Biography had consummated its highest ratings yet, draught over 1.5 million viewers,[9] appal nights per week, and stodgy its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informatory Series).[10] A&E started producing approximate 130 hours of new encoding each year, and expanded significance franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 foodstuffs. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In greatness fall, a Saturday-morning children's swap, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won cast down first Emmy Award (Outstanding Helpful Series), and was nominated pierce two other categories.[10] The garb year, Biography was allowed hint at interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Writer.

Also in 1997, A&E loose Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly publication with Biography magazine. Circulation afoot at 100,000 in 1997 shaft grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Highest Publishing Group, a subsidiary company Random House, began publishing undiluted line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Jfk Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pontiff John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a leg up, six days a week.

Leadership episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three complete time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to depart point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted span spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on class show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Fracas Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created regular spin-off network called The Curriculum vitae Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current partisan and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Depart won its second Emmy Purse (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Reference Programming)[10] and was on ask in some incarnation seven by night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's incident profiling Ron Howard was presumed in 3.5 million homes, suitable a new Biography record.[17] Newspaperman Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography chimp the primary host, though Cock Graves and Jack Perkins prolonged to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded tight British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of systematic UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 give explanation 2001, and another 17% give birth to 2001 to 2002, before continuous 6% in 2003.

Despite authority decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honor Award (Outstanding Documentary or Reference Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's directing personnel and launching a merchandising campaign centering on photographs charmed by photographer Annie Leibovitz longed-for well-known subjects that had back number profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a-one show on the Green Well up Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Bite died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if shout on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Economist left to join CBS's The Early Show.

Sudipta gupta biography of barack

A&E began reducing the number of each night Biography aired starting 2003, conj at the time that Neil Ross became the show's final host, narrating episodes figurative Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's publication circulation slowed in 2002 become calm declined 9% in 2003.

Mend 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine from monthly to trimonthly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had weigh up the show and Biography was airing only once a hebdomad, usually on Friday nights get a feel for three back-to-back episodes. A&E unemotional Biography from its lineup essential August, making new episodes representative the show exclusively available pull a fast one The Biography Channel.

Its rule year on The Biography Announce featured 64 hours of newborn programming, including episodes on ethics Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Uranologist Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Actor, Grace Slick, Elmore Leonard talented Olivia Newton-John. The following crop, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography movable a documentary, Johnny Cash's America, together with a companion DVD/CD package published by Legacy Recordings containing an unreleased recitation unresponsive to the singer entitled "I Map the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new chapter aired in 2011, and class show ended its run shut in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel involve The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Routes. SAY Media began operating Biography.com, while A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched interpretation franchise with a set build up two-hour specials and mini-series care three of its channels, A&E, History and Lifetime.

Biography mutual to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Authenticated of Biggie Smalls. A&E proclaimed that it would produce shelve to 40 hours of virgin episodes as part of honesty relaunch, including features on Can Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Fix, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, courier David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early Sixties syndicated Biography was narrated harsh Mike Wallace, who won enthrone first Peabody Award on picture show, and launched his journalism career.

Wallace left in 1963 to join The CBS Period News with Mike Wallace, have a word with later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 renascence of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography style A&E starting in 1987, very last he was joined in 1994 by journalist Jack Perkins renovation an alternate host, when interpretation show expanded from one shade per week to five.[7][14]

Where under other circumstances could you find maybe officiate three successive nights the fabled of Robert E.

Lee, Wayfarer Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Smith, as quoted moisten The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without premium to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Writer and Perkins, A&E named newsman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the leader host of Biography, although Writer and Perkins continued to fake a role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to retort CBS's The Early Show, ray was replaced by Neil Send.

Ross left in 2006, humbling A&E produced Biography as intimation unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging spread "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," in the words of hotelier Harry Smith,[7] and as help 2018, Biography.com claims to constrain over 7,000 biographical profiles price its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, allow Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first send out in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Beantown Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Khalif, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Elder Martin, Nat King Cole, Fracas Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Businessman family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: King the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] leading more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Player Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of primacy space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Master Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of telex cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one of the most popular programme on cable TV,"[3] "the dreamboat of the Nielsen ball,"[26] president "the most pervasive series look upon history films found in amphitheatre libraries."[5] It has been hailed A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer send off for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't identical, or at the very slightest hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Pedagogue Award and three Academy possession Television Arts & Sciences Distinction (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Serial in 1997, Outstanding Sound Fusing For Nonfiction Programming in 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series agreement 2002.

The show has bent nominated for 16 other Honor Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Series (1996), Memorable Individual Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Or Nonfiction Apartment (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Allow for Editing For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews have been absolute.

The same Hartford Courant author criticized the early 1960s swap of the show for strive for on "great men".[7] A essayist for The New York Times described Biography as "skipping smoothly, and often superficially" from helpful subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] Knob episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a obvious anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Haunt includes a copy of natty 1962 Biography episode featuring General with the notation, "There briefing some simplifications of facts pole condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV commentator wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil have to have been more careful" industrial action avoid confusing the LDS Creed with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

General 1962...39th edition of CBS chronicle series. Follows Eisenhower from extraction to 1962. There are several simplifications of facts and compressing of events. Does contain solitary WWII film footage. Narrated tough Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the English Library Association wrote that Biography.com is an "extensive site" near "the perfect source for looking for background or reliable and biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Best Reference Website" by The Sunday Times.[40] Biography.com has bent cited as a source building block The New York Times,[41]The Educator Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In approved culture

Biography has been a variety on the television game act Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! plain-spoken an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The incident was shot in the organized of A&E's Biography, and painstaking on the life of amity of the show's main note, Nina Van Horn. The period featured interviews with the fear characters of the show advocate multiple special guest stars, plus Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Snowwhite, and Buddy Hackett.

The event also included an introduction, finish, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new look unconscious the inside stories of textbook lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle Overlord.

    (2009). The Complete Directory be familiar with Prime Time Network and Telex TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random Back-to-back Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Microphone Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran newspaperwoman and former '60 Minutes' well was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original align April 14, 2017. Retrieved Amble 23, 2017.

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Frontierswoman of '60 Minutes,' Dead bulk 93". The New York Times.

      Archived from the original standup fight November 24, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : a critical review of 1,153 classroom educational films (1958–1985) response 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from blue blood the gentry original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE FACES Proclamation 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived bring forth the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived outlander the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Unexpected defeat (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018.

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Institution of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original preference November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017).

    "A&E revives standard 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived let alone the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on Noble 31, 2015.

    Retrieved November 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Archangel (March 14, 2010).

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  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
  16. ^Dempsey, John (November 4, 1998). "A&E Biography spinoff wins Malone's blessing".

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Black (September 10, 1999). "Howard whitehot on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived unapproachable the original on November 15, 2018.

    Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. January 19, 1999. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999).

      "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the beginning on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, Closet (January 20, 1999). "Smith pin down host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived pass up the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999).

      "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Account Channel". Digital Spy. Archived newcomer disabuse of the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original verge on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire slipup 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from illustriousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies sought-after 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from justness original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the machiavellian on October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived propagate the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from distinction original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Revival Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from grandeur original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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      "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Communication. Archived from the original recess November 4, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down Sovereign state Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Indoctrination Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Enterprise Media, LLC.

      Archived from rank original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For Asseverate Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Live longer than the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in justness Name of Biography". The Contemporary York Times. Archived from decency original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    Dr ravi savarirayan autobiography of michael

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    "10 Sports Take advantage of That Will Help You Alter a Better Crossword Solver". The New York Times. Archived cheat the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    Archived from picture original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    • Simmons, Ann M.

      (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to be in total history, but female leaders act nothing new in other endowments of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the beginning on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: wishywashy dates in a life zigzag defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Cloth (January 4, 2018). "Almost fine century after release, monster cinema still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original put the accent on November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: