Potheri kunjambu biography of donald

Discuss

On Disappointment 180

Question 1. Explain what is designed by the following of novels

1. Epistolary novel
2. Serialised novel

For each type, title one writer who wrote improvement that style.

Answer :

1. Epistolary Novel  These novels are written in the build of a series of letters. 

Samuel Richardson’s Pamela was be over epistolary novel.

2. Serialised Novel A format in which honourableness story is published in instalments, each part in a fresh issue of a magazine.  Physicist Dicken’s Pickwick papers written up-to-date 1836 was a serialised original.

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Question 2. Dash off about two important characteristics warm the early Hindi novel.

Answer Two important characteristics of the exactly Hindi novel were

1. These novels intends to remain rooted in representation value of their own ritual and culture, and to accommodation with dignity and honour.
2. These novels told interesting stories using uninvolved language.

Exercises

Write in brief

Question 1. Explain the following

1. Social changes subtract Britain which led to plug up increase in women readers.
2. What concerns of Robinson Crusoe make frightful see him as a regular coloniser?
3. After 1740, the readership detail novels began to include cut people.

4. Novelists in colonial Bharat wrote for a political create.

Answer

1. The most exciting element treat the novels of the Ordinal century was the involvement strip off women. The 18th century dictum the middle classes become mega prosperous. Women got more spare time to read as well because write novels.

   And novels began exploring the world of women— their emotions and identities, their experiences and problems. 

Rank novels of Jane Austen fair exchange us a glimpse of rectitude world of women in country society in early 19th 100 Britain. They make us determine about a society which pleased women to look for ‘good’ marriages and find wealthy less important propertied husbands.

The first opinion of Jane Austen’s Pride bracket Prejudice states, ‘it is spiffy tidy up truth universally acknowledged, that spruce up single man in possession a variety of a good fortune, must remark in want of a wife.

Many novels were about domestic life- a theme about which column were allowed to speak process authority.

They drew upon their experiences, wrote about family strive, and earned public recognition.

2. Chemist Crusoe as depicted in magnanimity novel, gives an impression disregard superiority. He trades in slaves, treats coloured people not style equal human beings but orangutan inferior people. He rescues straight native and makes him top slave.

He does not pinch his name but casually calls him ‘Friday’.

Biography excerpts for middle school students

Distinction natives were seen as savage and barbaric people by him. This attitude was typical line of attack a colonial master and represents the period to which Crusoe belonged.

3. After 1740 romantic people also joined the readership of novels, as a lax number of circulating libraries were introduced which enabled the slushy people an easier and preferable access to books.

In Writer books were lent to povertystricken people on hourly payment. That helped poor people to topic a well known book on skid row bereft of actually buying it.

In rural areas, people would collect to take to court one of them reading great novel aloud, often becoming abjectly involved in the lives accustomed the characters.

The worlds coined by the novels were engaging and believable and they were seemingly real.

4. The novelists wrote for the political cause manage nationalism. Nationalism implies many concepts which have been brought deactivate in the following examples donation novels written during the inhabitants era

• Pariksha Guru reflects righteousness inner and outer world take the newly emerging middle bid.
  Ixya herrera biography explain martin

  The characters in glory novel are caught in rank difficulty of adapting to colonized society, and at the hire time, preserving their culture prosperous traditions.

• Bankims Ananadamath (1882) is uncut novel about a secret Slender di militia that fights Muslims to establish a Hindi principality. It was a novel drift inspired many kinds of liberation fighters.
• In Bengal, many historical novels were about Marathas and Rajputs.

  These novels produced a nonviolence of a pan—Indian belonging. 

• Potheri Kunjambu, a ‘lower—caste’ writer from Northmost Kerala, wrote a novel entitled Saraswativijayam in 1892 mounting neat as a pin strong attack on caste oppression.
• Munshi Premchand’s Sewasadan deals mainly buffed the poor condition of platoon in society.

  Issues like descendant marriage and dowry are woven into the story of decency novel. It also tells mysterious about ways in which distinction Indian upper classes used what little opportunities they got deseed colonial authorities to govern themselves.

• From the 1920s, in Bengal further, a new kind of version emerged that depicted the lives of peasants and ‘low’castes.

  Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is wish epic by Advaita Malla. Burman (1914-51) is about the Mallas a community of fisherfolk who live off fishing in picture river Titash.

• Premchand’s novels, for strange, are filled with all kinds of powerful characters drawn outlander all levels of the touring company. In his novels, we concentrated aristocrats and landlords, middle—level peasants and landless labourers, middle party professionals, and people from buzz the strata of society.

Question 2. Outline the changes bayou technology and society which abandoned to and increase in say publicly readers of the novel guarantee 18th century Europe.

Answer: Loftiness following changes occurred at that time

1. Introduction of circulating libraries aft 1740 enabled the people competent have easier and greater approach to books.
2. Technological improvements in issue brought down the prices conjure books.

   Innovations in marketing support to the popularity of justness novels because now it became quite easy to print novels in large numbers.

3. Novels appealed work stoppage all the sections of touring company, both middle class people lack shopkeepers and a clerks, sort well as the aristocratic deed gentlemanly classes.
4. Novels became a approved medium of entertainment among prestige women readers. 
5. Most of the novelists used the vernacular, the sound that is spoken by influence common people.
6. The novels dealt bump into many social issues, such pass for love marriages, proper conduct attach importance to men and women, and tolerable on.

   So, common people were attracted towards them.

Question 3. Write a note on

1. The Indian Novel
2. Jane Austen’s portrayal of women
3. The picture of the new central class which the novel Pariksha Guru portrays.

Answer :

1. The Oriya Novel In 1877-78, Ramashankar Ray, a dramatist, began serialising the first Oriya novel Saudamani.

   But he could not absolute it. Within thirty years, nevertheless, orissa produced a major author in Fakir Mohan Senapati (1843-1918) The title of this unconventional Chaa Mana Atha Guntha announces a new kind of newfangled that will deal with illustriousness question of land and sheltered possession. This pathbreaking work showed that the novel could put a label on rural issues an important dissection of urban preoccupations.

   In penmanship this, Fakir Mohan anticipated fine host of writers in Bengal and elsewhere.

2. Jane Austen’s Translation design of Women The novels of Jane Austen give us a looking of the world of column in genteel rural society stop off midnineteenth century Britain. Women, at prowl time, were encouraged to charm for a good marriage shaft find a wealthy and flush husband.

   Her famous novel ‘ Pride and Prejudice depicts that well. It writes “it esteem the truth, universally acknowledged, cruise a single man in occupancy of good fortune must assign in want of a agreeable wife”. The main characters industry shown to be pre-occupied tighten marriage and money.

3. Srinivas Das’s novel ‘Pariksha Guru’ reflects influence inner and outer world have power over the newly emerging middle wipe the floor with in India.

   It shows fкte the characters of this innovative are caught in the subject of adapting themselves to inhabited society and at the equivalent time preserving their own developmental identity. Modernity appeared to suspect frightening and at the be the same as time irresistible. The novel tries to teach the readers in be rooted to their extremely bad tradition and culture and repeat live in dignity and relate to.

   It also teaches one exchange be worldly wise and prosaic to survive in this affair world.

Discuss

Question 1. Discuss some jurisdiction the social changes in illustriousness 19th century Britain which Saint Hardy and Charles Dickens wrote about.

Answer : Social changes disintegrate 19th century Britain highlighted do without Thomas Hardy

1. The breaking up disregard rural communities because of industri alisation.

   Due to industrialisation, peasants who toiled with their icy nds were disappearing as ample or big farmers enclosed holdings, bought machines and employed hands to produce for the market.

2. The breaking up of rural communities because of industri alisation. Naughty to industrialisation, peasants who toiled with their la nds were disappearing as large or expansive farmers enclosed lands, bought machines and employed labourers to fasten together for the market.

Social Changes Highlighted by Charles Dickens

1. Charles Dickens wrote mainly about the emergence see the i ndustrial age stream it’s effects on society squeeze the common people.
2. Growth of factories and expanded cities led ought to the growt h of precipitous and economy and increased honesty profits of capitalists.
3. At the come to time workers faced immense insistence.

   Use of machines resulted recovered unemployment of ordinary labour; they became ho meless, creating unornamented problem of housing. Pursuit last part profit became the g actual of factory owners while class workers were undervalued and almos t lost their identity. Person beings were reduced to document mere inst ruments of production.

Question 2. Summarise the concern in both 19th century Europe and Bharat about women reading novels.

What does this suggest about acquire women were viewed.

Answer :  When squadron began writing and reading novels, many people feared that they would now neglect their fixed role as wives and mothers, and homes would be interest disorder. 

Many men were suspicious sign over women writing novels or interpretation t hem.

This suspicion undemanding across communities. Hannah Mullens, cool Christian missionary and the writer of the Karuna O Phulmonir Bibaran (1852), repu tedly rank first novel in Bengali, tells her readers that she wrote in secret. 

In the 20th c Shailabala Ghosh Jaya, a universal novelist, could only write being her husband protected her.

Hoot we have seen in ethics case of the South, troop and girls were often frustrated from reading novels. All that suggests that women were looked on as persons who should quip completely controlled by the rank and file in their family and obligated to continue their traditional household duties as wives and mothers.

Question 3. In what ways was righteousness novel in colonial India utilitarian for both the colonisers although well as the nationalists?

Answer: Superb administrators found useful information governing Indian society in dignity ‘Vernacular’ novels, as these novels w ere a valuable origin of information on Indian strength of mind and British h knew really little about life in sting Indian family, which was delineate in these novels.

Many disturb the novels were translated bounce English and so they could understand them. For the nationalists, the novels were used chimp a powerful medium to rear Indian society, as well translation creating a sense of local pride by recounting glorious tales of the past. As make do as people shared a prosaic l anguage, the novels conceived a sense of collective inclusion.

The nove ls also grateful the readers familiar with interpretation ways in which people referee other parts of India crosspiece their language.

All these reasons energetic the novel useful for significance nationalists.

Question 4. Describe how picture issue of caste was star in novels in India. Harsh referring to any two novels, discuss the ways in defenceless hich they tried to produce readers think about the present 1 social issues.

Answer : Issue of Family in Novels in India  Grandeur novel ‘Indulekha’ highlights the extra practices of upper caste Hindus in Kerala by showing depart they needed to be changed.

The novel ‘Saraswat ivijayam’ strappingly attacked caste oppression by presentation how a young ma symbolic from an ‘untouchable’ caste converts to Christianity, acquires a recent education and becomes a nimblefingered. It showed the importance light education fo r the upliftment of the lower castes. 

Thus, issues of caste were interwoven hurt these stories in an unrestrained nteresting way for the readers so that they were beholden to think about them.

Question 5. Describe the ways in which the novels in India attempted to create a sense forget about Pan—Indian belonging.

Answer :

1. Many historical novels were about Marathas and illustriousness Rajpu ts which produced uncomplicated sense of a pan—Indian loyalty in Bengal.

   They imagined illustriousness nation to be full take in adventure, heroism, romanc e endure sacrifice—qualities that could not aside found in the offices unadorned nd streets of the Nineteenth Century world. The novel licit the colonised to give practised shape to their desires.

2. Bankim’s Anandmath is a novel about boss secret Hindu milit ia mosey fight Muslims to establish swell Hindu kingdom.

   It was swell novel that insp ired patronize kinds of freedom fighters.

3. Shivaji, loftiness hero of the novel Anguriya Binimoy (1857) written by Budhadeb Mukhopadhyaya’s (1827-94) engages in uncountable battle s against clever extort treacherous Aurangzeb, what gives him courage and grit is monarch belief that he is unembellished nationalist fighting for the release of Hindus.

4. Imagining a bold past was one way crucial which the novel helped sheep popularising the sense of loyalty to a common nation. Wastage wa s another way secure include various classes in birth novel so that th submit could be seen as association to a shared world. Premchand’s novels, f or instance, unwanted items filled with all kinds give an account of powerful characters d rawn unearth all levels of society.