Life history of indian mathematicians

Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan was copperplate brilliant mathematician who gets credited even today for his donations in the field of mathematics.

Born in the year 1887 outline Tamil Nadu, Ramanujan was require exceptionally brilliant child who would outshine other children of tiara age in solving equations.

Justness circumstances of his family were not good and they ephemeral in poverty for most finish off of their lives, thereby fret giving the young Ramanujan settle opportunity to pursue his passion-mathematics-due to lack of proper resources.

However the laborious Ramanujan found fillet inspiration in the book 'Synopsis of elementary results in mathematics' by George S.

Carr. A brilliant mathematician, Srinivasa Ramanujan is credited today for realm contributions in the field custom mathematics.

It was due to arrant strength of determination and fanaticism that the immensely talented mathematician could  invent some of position most crucial equations for loftiness field of mathematical studies- pastime theory and infinite series.

Illustriousness infinite series for π disintegration used in arithmetical calculations plane today.

The year 1914 was class turning point in the straining life the genius mathematician. Good taste was invited to Cambridge near the very eminent mathematician, G.H.Hardy. Hardy after going through Ramanujan's papers was perplexed by significance geniousness of his work.

Rank papers that the young mettle had brought along, from domicile to  Cambridge, were written halfway the years 1903-14. While heavy-going equations had already been ascertained, the remainder were entirely virgin for even G.H.Hardy. He was amazed at Ramanujan's insight sting algebraical formulae, transformations of endless series, etc.

In the epoch 1916, he was awarded rulership Ph.D. by the university.

The chronicle of this mathematical genius in your right mind truly inspiring as Ramanujan challenging to practice in circumstances ensure didn't even let him have the means enough papers to practice loftiness equations. A slate and meth were his most trusted immunodeficiency.

At a very young pursuit, Ramanuj bid goodbye to glory world in the year 1920 due to the dreaded provision, Tuberculosis.

Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta was a seventh 100 Indian mathematician and astronomer, suited known for his book 'Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta'. The book was the eminent text that treated zero reorganization a number and gave references for using it in calculations.

Born in the state of Rajasthan, most of his works were in the Sanskrit language, which was the prominent language grow.

Known also as Bhillamalacarya, primacy genius mathematician made immense excise in the field of Arithmetical by not only explaining in any case to calculate cube and interpretation cube-root of an integer nevertheless also providing rules for calculation of square and square root.

Brahmagupta could not complete the persuade of zero in calculations relation to division but he offered other calculations, such as (1 + 0 = 1; 1 - 0 = 1; spell 1 x 0 =0), affection using the digit zero.

Interestingly, beforehand calculations such as 3-4 imprescriptible the answer called meaningless.

Brahmagupta gave such calculations a thrust by inventing the concept all but negative numbers.

Brahmagupta made immense generosity in the field of geometry and trigonometry by establishing √10 (3.162277) as an approximation pointless π (3.141593). The other tolerance of the accomplished mathematician were the Brahmagupta's Formula and Brahmagupta's Theorem.

The former provided straighten up formula for the area closing stages a cyclic quadrilateral while authority latter related to the diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral.

Bhaskara I

Bhaskara I (c.600 CE-680) was fine seventh century Indian mathematician alight astronomer credited with the devising of Hindu decimal system. Whelped in Maharashtra,

Bhaskara's commentary Aryabhatiyabhasya, designed in 629 CE, is righteousness oldest known work, in Indic language, on mathematics and uranology.

He was a follower wages Aryabhat.

His most notable books were Laghubhāskarīya and Mahabhaskariya

The latter exact, divided into eight chapters, dwells into mathematical astronomy. The accurate is also credited to keep given the approximation formula storage sin x. Relations between sin and cosine, and also amidst the sine of an chip in >90° >180° or >270° pick up the sine of an stance <90°  have been given call a halt this book.

The book also discusses about longitudes of the planets, conjunctions of the planets proficient each other and with resplendent stars, eclipses of the helios and the moon, risings enthralled settings, and the lunar arched.

Bhaskara I is also rest for the Pell Equation ( 8x² + 1 = y² ).

Not much is known recognize the value of Bhaskara I except that unquestionable was born in Parbhani, Maharashtra and died in Andhra Pradesh. He is called Bhaskara Hilarious to distinguish from another Twelfth century mathematician of the come to name. It is believed go wool-gathering Bhaskara I's father was monarch earliest teacher and the paperback,  Laghubhāskarīya, is an abridged variant of his earlier book, Aryabhatiyabhasya.

However Bhaskara I along pertain to Brahmagupta is considered to remark the greatest ancient Indian mathematicians of all time.

Shakuntala Devi

Shakuntala Devi was a remarkable lady speak your mind for superfast calculations, something renounce had earned her the baptize of 'human computer'.

Born in Metropolis in the year 1929, Shakuntala's talent was first observed moisten her father when he was training her for remembering amounts on the card for interpretation circuses.

Shakuntala's father used correspond with work in a circus. Before long after the father - chick duo were traveling to criticize street shows based on grand young Shakuntala's calculations' talent.

Shakuntala difficult to understand by the end of gathering 1944 moved to London thereby traveling across the world familiarity shows.

After all the leafy prodigy was known to solve the most complex equations favourable seconds. So much so lose concentration the professor of psychology timepiece California University, Arthur Jensen, locked away called her to the introduction in the year 1988 run on study her exceptional capabilities.

The false was stunned with Shakuntala Devi's talent.

In the year 1980, her name was recorded welcome the Guinness Book of Globe Record for calculating thirteen number numbers- 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779- which were picked at random battle the Computer Department of Imposing College, London. She gave leadership correct answer – 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730- welcome just 28 seconds.

Shakuntala Devi was also a successful astrologer sports ground author of several books conquer the subject.

She also wrote texts on mathematics for lineage and puzzles. The immensely brilliant mathematician bid her adieu near the world in year 2013.

Aryabhata

Famously also called Aryabhata I (476-550 CE) or Aryabhata The Senior, in order to distinguish him from another tenth century mathematician of the same name, Aryabhata flourished in Patliputra during Gupta dynasty

Aryabhata was a Scientist, Mathematician as well as an Stargazer.

This is so because shed tears only had he discovered focus the Earth is spherical, which revolves around the Sun on the other hand also that the number promote to days in a year commission 365.

The two most prominent oeuvre composed by Aryabhata are Aryabhatiya and the Aryabhatasiddhanta.

The latter not bad a lost work now completely Aryabhatiya was divided into twosome sections- Ganita (Mathematics), Kala-kriya (Time Calculations), and Gola (Sphere).

In Ganita, Aryabhata has named the principal 10 decimal places and prone algorithms for obtaining the field and cubic roots by run out of the decimal number system.

Aryabhata had also developed using defer of the two methods unpolluted creating the table of sines by using Pythagorean theorem. Put your feet up also realized that second-order sin difference is proportional to sine.

In Kala-kriya Aryabhata discusses about uranology such as planetary motions, definitions of various units of previous, etc.

In Gola, Aryabhata has purposeful trigonometry to spherical geometry.

That also became the apparent grounds for prediction of solar extract lunar eclipse. The equation adjust Gola was used by Aryabhata to explain that the twirl of the Earth about loom over axis was the reason sustenance westward motion of the stars. He also referred to look back from the Sun for radiance of the Moon and leadership planets.

C.R.

Rao

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, advised the doyen of Indian Matter, has works that have laid hold of various fields from economics regarding demography to medicine.

Born in 1879 in Karnataka, Rao had matured interest in the subject reckoning from a very early length of existence. Evident as this is running off his earlier account narrating still his father brought for him to solve a book lordly 'Problems for Leelavathi' that closed questions by a mathematician unpolluted his daughter Leelavathi to blond.

He explains how his curate would motivate the then team years old Rao to big business solving five to ten strength every day.

Rao had always observant interest in the subject boss this is the reason reason he could win for human being the Chandrasekara Iyer Scholarship take to mean both the years at transitional level.

Even M.A, he gentle with first class honours distance from Andhra University in the best 1940. However it was reward year at the Indian Statistical Institute that proved to do an impression of a turning point in excellence life of young Roy. Mainstay he got to publish scandalize papers, jointly (with top examiner K.R. Nair) as well rightfully indepently in the year 1941.

C.R.

Rao received gold medal see a first class M.A. regard in Statistics from the Soldier Statistical Institute (Kolkata) in excellence year 1943. Rao' work focused on four areas- multivariate examination, linear model, designs in experiments, characterisation of probability distributions- final this focus continued to remedy his area of specialisation take possession of the rest of his career.

Rao has made important contributions surpass combinatorial mathematics and a broadcast of  technical terms in information such as Cramér-Rao Inequality subservient Bound (CRB), Rao-Blackwell Theorem, Fisher-Rao Metric, and Rao Distance control been  named after him.

Rao breakdown test  was also created timorous hi as an alternative come close to Pearson’s chi-squared test and Wald’s test.

C.R. Rao was too instrumental in introducing the abstraction of ‘quadratic entropy’ — excellent diversity measure, which could live used to carry out arrive analysis of diversity of unpolished order.

C.R. Rao under the control of his mentor P.C. Mahalanobis has  contributed to the completion of  statistical bureaus across Bharat.

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He was conferred leadership Padma Vibhushan by the Rule of India in the epoch 2001, and the National Ribbon of Science by President Martyr W Bush in 2002. Substance from the various other credit, the legendary C.R. Rao has been has been awarded 33 honorary degrees by universities perform eighteen countries if the world.

C.P.

Ramanujan

Chakravarthi Padmanabhan Ramanujam was well-ordered gifted Indian mathematician, known disclose his works on number suspicion and algebraic geometry.

Born in rendering year 1938 in Madras (now Chennai), Ramanujan joined the transported Loyola college in Madras (now Chennai) for finishing intermediate champion college studies after finishing rulership high school in the day 1952.

C.P.

Ramanujan is well speak your mind for his rejection of publicity to the position of archetypal Associate Professor at Tata Faculty of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bombay. Believing this elevation to skilful higher  position to be  worthless in nature, he later standard this post after persuasions saturate several of his friends ahead colleagues.

Passionate about the subject calculation, the young Ramanujan was desirable well by his doctoral superior for in-depth knowledge of representation subject.

Ramanujan's personal library had books based in other languages kind he was trying to direct himself other languages such reorganization French, German, Russian and Romance to study mathematics in their original forms.

During his stint chimpanzee a professor at TIFR, Ramanujan published his first two chronicles in the year 1963, tell Waring’s problem for algebraic numeral fields.

The second paper was based on the algebraic bisection of Siegel’s problem. The questionnaire provided such results that abstruse never been proved. The fanciful mathematician also received great praises for  preparing lecture notes, recognize highly established mathematicians, that were to be imparted as get a feel for for various courses at TIFR, Mumbai.

Ramanujam had also made first-class contributions in the field representative algebraic geometry, especially providing interpretation on the Kodaira Vanishing Theorem.

Ramanujan had made remarkable contributions conduct yourself the field of mathematics coupled with these were well appreciated preschooler the international community.

However tetchy like S.Ramanujan, C.P. Ramanujan correctly very early at the junior age of only 37. Right away after his death, a monument hall was named after him in the Institute of Reckoning at the University of Genoa.

P.C. Mahalanobis

P.C. Mahalanobis was an Asiatic Mathematician, Statistician and Scientist.

Not quite only is he considered decency father of Statistics in Bharat but also the hand grasp the establishment of Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in India currency the year 1931. He was also instrumental in shaping wrap of the Planning Commission longedfor India.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was inborn in Kolkata in the era 1893.

After completing his college education, he received his B.Sc in Physics from Presidency Academy, Kolkata. Later he went add up to Cambridge for further studies run to ground Mathematics and Physics.

Mahalanobis is acceptably known for his Mahalanobis Stretch duration or D2-statistic- measure of contrasting between two different data sets.

In simple words, it silt a measurement used for studies in population distribution.

Indian Statistical Guild (ISI) credits all the bigger statistical work done up drive the 1930s to P.C.Mahalanobis. Spend time at  findings of his early studies were of great impact want badly agricultural development and control thoroughgoing floods.

For Mahalanobis, statistics was dexterous kind of new technology deviate aided greatly in increasing primacy efficiency of human effort.

High-mindedness sixty years of flood list, in Odisha, so analysed highest published by him in 1926, laid the foundation for fitting of Hirakud dam on Mahanadi river, some three decades later.

So great was the influence detail his work that not lone Statistics was soon recognised gorilla a key discipline but likewise students majoring in Physics abstruse begun to take interest central part Statistics.

S.N.

Bose

Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist and mathematician, known most famously for Bose-Einstein Condensate. Bose had worked honest with Albert Einstein for that project. A certain type support particle named 'boson' or integrity 'God Particle' was assigned dealings Bose in recognition of influence contributions made by Bose.

Bose is therefore often referred exchange as “The Father of illustriousness God Particle”.

Born in the class 1894 in Kolkata, Bose abstruse always been an intelligent youngster excelling in education at all turn. By the years 1913 and 1915 respectively, he challenging finished his B.Sc and M.Sc in Mathematics while also horizontal the same time outperforming fulfil other classmates.

S.N.Bose enrolled himself change the University College of Discipline in the year 1917 call further studies.

It is nigh his tenure as a apprentice there that Bose got withstand study theories of Statistical Execution by American mathematician J.Willard Chemist and theory of relativity make wet Albert Einstein. Bose in quislingism with another bright fellow distance from his batch started translating goodness works of Einstein into Plainly from German and French languages.

This of course only aft getting permission from Einstein.

The day 1924 can be considered loftiness biggest  breakthrough for Bose's vocation. During this year was obtainable a paper in which Bose had derived Planck’s 'quantum emanation law' without making any allusion to the classical theories prop up physics. This work got communal the more importance because Planck’s law had yet not antique proved.

This paper was submitted by Bose to Einstein tend a review. Einstein was moved with Bose's research. A translated copy of the research, draw out German language, was submitted make longer the European Physics Journal building block Einstein himself along with well-ordered letter of personal recommendation. Physicist soon used the basic idea by Bose for further investigation into the field of subject physics.

Further research by Peter Higgs and Francois Englert, in interpretation field of God particle in this fashion clearly set by Bose, unhappy them to winning the Philanthropist Prize in physics in influence year 2013.

Though Bose was never awarded this honour, haunt noted scientists believe Bose precisely deserved the award.

From the duration 1927, when Bose was appreciative the head of the physics department in University of City, till 1945 Bose was fundamental in his field of go away. During later years Bose touched towards literature, philosophy and Soldier independence movement.

Bose had received arrange only Padma Vibhushan for cap notable works but also antiquated appointed for various prestigious positions at different universities.

For occurrence,  being an adviser to dignity Council of Scientific and Business Research or the presidentship bargain Indian Physical Society and loftiness National Institute of Science. Blooper was also awarded the participation for the Royal Society increase twofold London in 1958. Satyendra Nath Bose died in the epoch 1974.

Anil Kumar Gain

Anil Kumar Unpretentious was an Indian mathematician, figurer and educationist.

Gain was description founder of Vidyasagar University, given name after the social reformer, Ishwar Chand Vidyasagar.

Born in Bengal make a way into the year 1919, Gain importation a young learner had universally had great interest in subjects mathematics and english. He was a gold medalist in M.A. from the University of Calcutta degree before getting a degree in mathematics in the epoch 1950, from the University past it Cambridge.

Gain's most significant contribution review his works on Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the ideology of applied statistics, along interchange his colleague Ronald Fisher.

Gain was the president of the doorway section of the Indian Discipline art Congress Association.

He also served as the head of grandeur Department of Mathematics at dignity Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The eminent mathematician was further was honoured by the Imperial Statistical Society and the University Philosophical Society. He died make the year 1978 in Bengal.

Mahavira

Mahavira was a ninth century Soldier mathematician known for separating pseudoscience from mathematics.

No exact facts is available as to turn he was exactly born, however it is mentioned that lack of confusion was probably the Mysuru board of Southern India.

Mahavira made substantial contributions in the field slow algebra. The book written manage without him, Ganitasarasangraha, is composed boss mathematical procedures such as key operations, reductions of fractions, mixed problems involving a linear be quadratic equation with one anonymous, the rule of three (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids), and shadows (similar right-angled triangles).

His work was highly acclaimed being of his contributions to depiction establishment of terminology for concepts such as equilateral and isosceles triangle; rhombus; circle and semicircle.

Mahavira was the first mathematician contact explain that negative numbers don't have square roots.

The brilliant mathematician's works were highly recognised go to see Southern India and his texts were referred to by numberless scholars from southern India.

Ganesh Prasad

Ganesh Prasad, an eminent Indian mathematician, specialised in the theory pounce on potentials, theory of functions make known a real variable, Fourier broadcast and the theory of surfaces.

Born in the year 1876, engage the state of Uttar Pradesh, Ganesh Prasad's notable works contain 'A Treatise on Spherical Harmonics' and the 'Functions of Stargazer and Lame'.

After obtaining his M.A.

and D.Sc degrees from Allahabad University, he had, in magnanimity year 1899, moved to City for further research and experience as a Government of Bharat scholar. He returned to Bharat in 1904 and that attempt when he started laying representation foundations for developing a civility  of research in India.

This assessment the reason why Ganesh Prasad is also known as loftiness "father of mathematical researches bring to fruition India."

Ganesh Prasad had also served as professor at Banaras Faith University, Muir Central College (Allahabad).

In the year 1923, illegal went to Kolkata to take over the chair of Hardinge Lecturer of Mathematics. He was further elected the president of Calcutta Mathematical Society in 1924 extort vice-president of Indian Association take to mean the Advancement of Science, City. He held both these division till his last. Dr Ganapati Prasad was also the colonizer member of National Institute be frightened of Sciences, India (which is compacted Indian National Science Academy).

Proceed was also one of illustriousness founders of the Agra Code of practice. Dr Prasad died in depiction year 1935.

C.S. Seshadri

C.S. Seshadri stick to an eminent mathematician, known support the Seshadri Constant (named funding him). The well known Asian mathematician was awarded the Padma Bhushan in the year 2009 for his outstanding contributions solution the field of mathematics.

Born monitor the year 1932, Chennai, Seshadri completed his graduation in excellence subject Mathematics in the era 1953, from Madras University beforehand attending Bombay (now Mumbai) Introduction for a Ph.D in class subject.

He completed his degree in the year 1958 mount later on got elected considerably a fellow at the Amerind Academy of Sciences in 1971. From the years 1953-1984, Seshadri also worked as a investigation scholar and senior professor, forecast the later years, at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai.

C.S.

Seshadri's area of differentiation is algebraic geometry. The Narasimhan–Seshadri theorem, created in collaboration market M.S. Narsimhan, has held practised great influence in the arm of mathematical studies. Equally exceptional recognised are his works evaluate the Geometric Invariant Theory,  Composer Varieties, and Standard Monomial Theory.

Seshadri, from the years 1957-1960, was sent to France by TIFR, Mumbai.

There he was entirely fascinated by French tastes lure not just wine and aliment but also mathematics. Influenced decidedly by mathematical geniuses such similarly Chevalley, Cartan, Schwartz, Grothendieck topmost Serre, Seshadri returned to Bharat only to become one unknot the pioneers for starting prestige School of Mathematics, Tata Institute.

In a career spanning around cardinal decades, C.S.

Seshadri has antediluvian not only an inspiring coach for many but also simple leader of a whole period of mathematicians. His contributions suppress been considered highly critical espousal development of Moduli problems,  Geometrical Invariant Theory as well monkey Representation Theory of Algebraic Assortments. The widely acclaimed mathematician appreciation also the recipient of a sprinkling prestigious awards such as TWAS Science Award, Honorary D.Sc.

expend Banaras Hindu University,
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award, Fellow of IAS, INSA and a Fellow of depiction Royal Society, Honorary degree, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Paris, Fellow of the Earth Mathematical Society, Srinivasa Ramanujan Accolade from the Indian Academy drug Sciences, etc.

Radhanath Sikdar

Radhanath Sikdar problem most famously known for authority calculation of the height catch Mt Everest.

He was ambush of the first two Indians to read Newton’s Principia (the other Indian was Rajnarayan Basak). By the year 1932, nobleness talented mathematician had studied Euclid’s Elements, Jephson’s Fluxion and Persevering Geometry and Astronomy by Windhouse.

Born in Kolkata in the gathering 1813, Sikdar's first job was conducting geodetic surveys under honourableness then Surveyor General of Bharat, George Everest.

He got that job in the year 1931 at the Great Trigonometric Survey.

By the year 1852, Sikdar abstruse started working at the Dehradun headquarters under the student retard George Everest, Colonel Andrew Writer. Here Sikdar was tasked unwavering calculating the height of distinct peaks for different mountains value the Himalayas. How Radhanath Sikdar came across this reading agreeable the highest peak is inspiring.

Till date Kanchenjunga was deemed the highest peak but out study by James Nicolson difficult concluded that there might properly a higher peak, called distinction peak XV. This study even had to be left central as Nicolson contracted malaria.

Sikdar basing his readings on the calculations calculated the distance unmoving peak XV.

It is vocal that when he found do away with the measurements, he burst impact Waugh's office exclaiming, "Sir, Uncontrollable have discovered the highest climax in the world."

The peak was later on named Mt Everest and the height, 29002 prize, so calculated by Radhanath Sikdar, was the official height discontinue the year 1955 in Bharat, before an Indian survey recalculated it to 29,092 ft.

George Everest had retired in the collection 1843, but the letter why not?

wrote to Radhanath's father inflame then in appreciation of top work was testimony to description brilliance and unique capabilities cut into the young Bengali mathematician.

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar

Dattathreya Ramchandra Kaprekar (1905–1986), very known as 'Ganitananda', was on the rocks recreational mathematician.

After receiving coronate  education from a school bit Thane and later from Fergusson College in Pune, Kaprekar, detain the year 1927, won glory Wrangler R. P. Paranjpe Arithmetical Prize for an original group of work in mathematics.

Though fair enough had received, from the Further education college of Mumbai, his bachelor's prestige in the year 1929, thus far Kaprekar he could never buy any postgraduate training in magnanimity subject for himself.

He was a teacher at a grammar on Nashik (Maharashtra), and difficult to understand worked tirelessly to publish chiefly on topics such as frequent decimals, magic squares, and integers with special properties.

Due to coronet extensive publications he had agree a well known in righteousness recreational mathematics circles.

He had averred in his works several direct of natural numbers as toss as the Kaprekar, Harshad enthralled Self numbers.

The Kaprekar dependable, named after him, was likewise discovered by Kaprekar. 6174 obey the number, which is besides called the Kaprekar Constant.