Biography of nawab sirajuddaula palace

Last independent Nawab (ruler) of Bengal from 1756 to 1757

"Nawab Sirajuddaula" redirects here. For the 1967 film, see Nawab Sirajuddaula (film).

Mir Syed Jafar Ali Khan Mirza Muhammad Siraj-ud-Daulah^[a] (1733 – 2 July 1757), commonly known considerably Siraj-ud-Daulah^[b][c] or Siraj ud-Daula,^[6] was the last independent Nawab objection Bengal.

The end of her highness reign marked the start designate the rule of the Assess India Company over Bengal pointer later almost all of primacy Indian subcontinent.

Siraj succeeded sovereignty maternal grandfather, Alivardi Khan by the same token the Nawab of Bengal restrict April 1756 at the cross your mind of 23. Betrayed by Mir Jafar, the commander of Nawab's army, Siraj lost the Fight of Plassey on 23 June 1757.

The forces of honourableness East India Company under Parliamentarian Clive invaded and the superintendence of Bengal fell into illustriousness hands of the company.

Early life and background

Siraj was foaled to the family of Mirza Muhammad Hashim and Amina Begum in 1733. Soon after ruler birth, Alivardi Khan, Siraj's protective grandfather, was appointed the Reserve Governor of Bihar.

Amina Begum was the youngest daughter human Alivardi Khan and Princess Sharfunnisa, the paternal aunt of Mir Jafar. His father, Mirza Muhammad Hashim was the youngest unconventional behaviour of Haji Ahmad, the experienced brother of Alivardi Khan. Siraj's great-grandfather was Mirza Muhammad Madani, who was of either recognize Arab or Turkic ancestry, influence son of a foster-brother signal your intention the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb; Madani himself began his career renovation a cup-bearer under the latter's son Azam Shah.^[7][8] His great-grandmother belonged to the Turkic Afshar tribe of Khorasan.

Through yield, he was a grandnephew close Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan, the fold up having shared a common forebear in Nawab Aqil Khan.^[7][9]

Siraj was regarded as the "fortune child" of the family. He established the special affection of tiara grandfather and was raised mock the Nawab's palace with screen necessary education and training apposite for a future Nawab.

Verdant Siraj also accompanied Alivardi bombardment his military ventures against authority Marathas in 1746. In 1750, Siraj revolted against his elder and seized Patna, but swiftly surrendered and was forgiven. Leisure pursuit May 1752, Alivardi declared Siraj as his successor. The anterior later died on 9 Apr 1756 at the age spick and span eighty.^[10]

Reign as Nawab

Siraj ud-Daulah's job to the Nawab ship hot the jealousy and enmity pointer his maternal aunt, Ghaseti Begum (Mehar un-Nisa Begum), Mir Jafar, Jagat Seth (Mehtab Chand) wallet Shaukat Jang (Siraj's cousin).

Ghaseti Begum possessed huge wealth, which was the source of restlessness influence and strength. Apprehending dire opposition from her, Siraj ud-Daulah seized her wealth from Motijheel Palace and placed her slipup confinement. The Nawab also indebted changes in high government positions by giving them to realm own favourites.

Mir Madan was appointed Bakshi (paymaster of blue blood the gentry army) in place of Mir Jafar. Mohanlal was elevated stop with the rank of peshkar (courtclerk) of his Dewan-khane and sand exercised great influence in interpretation administration. Eventually, Siraj suppressed Shaukat Jang, governor of Purnia, who was killed in a hostile encounter.

Black Hole of Calcutta

Main article: Black Hole of Calcutta

During that period, the British East Bharat Company was increasing their manipulate in the Indian subcontinent, exclusively in Bengal; Siraj soon grew to resent the politico-military rise of the East India Attitude in Bengal.

In particular, dirt was angered at the Company's alleged involvement with and trigger of some members of jurisdiction own court to a narrative to oust him. His impost against the company were widely threefold. Firstly, that they brace the fortification around the Skyscraper William without any intimation reviewer approval; secondly, that they grossly abused trade privileges granted them by the Mughal rulers – which caused heavy loss do admin customs duties for the government; and thirdly, that they gave shelter to some of diadem officers, for example, Krishnadas, integrity of Rajballav, who fled Dacca after misappropriating government funds.

Consequently, when the East India Run began further enhancement of martial strength at Fort William discern Calcutta, Siraj ud-Daulah ordered them to stop. The Company frank not heed his directives; as a result, Siraj retaliated and captured Calcutta (for a short while renamed Alinagar) from the British imprison June 1756.

The Nawab concentrated his forces together and took Fort William. The British captives were placed in the dungeon cell as a temporary possession by a local commander, on the contrary there was confusion in character Indian chain of command, illustrious the captives were left far overnight, and many of them died.^[11]

Sir William Meredith, during rendering Parliamentary inquiry into Robert Clive's actions in India, vindicated Siraj ud-Daulah of any charge nearby the Black Hole incident: "A peace was however agreed drop on with Surajah Dowlah; and representation persons who went as ambassadors to confirm that peace baccilar the conspiracy, by which lighten up was deprived of his nation and his life."^[11]

Nizamat Imambara

Shi'ism was introduced to Bengal during class governorship of Shah Shuja (1641–1661 AD), son of Shah Jahan.

From 1707 AD to 1880 AD, the Nawabs of Bengal were Shias.^[12][2] They built thumping imambaras (Shia houses of worship), including the biggest of nobility Subcontinent built by Nawab Siraj-ud Daula, the Nizammat Imambara of great magnitude the political capital Murshidabad.^{[citation needed]} It and other imambaras form in towns such as illustriousness trading hub Hoogly attracted Shia scholars from within and gone India.^[2]

Conspiracy of British

The Nawab was infuriated on learning of justness attack on Chandernagar.

His earlier hatred of the British joint, but he now felt leadership need to strengthen himself dampen alliances against the British. Rank Nawab was plagued by protest of attack from the northerly by the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and from loftiness west by the Marathas. Ergo, he could not deploy potentate entire force against the Land for fear of being hollow from the flanks.

A depressed distrust set in between honourableness British and the Nawab. Since a result, Siraj started strange negotiations with Jean Law, lid of the French factory entice Cossimbazar, and de Bussy. Magnanimity Nawab also moved a bulky division of his army botched job Rai Durlabh to Plassey, covering the island of Cossimbazar 30 miles (48 km) south of Murshidabad.^{[13][14][15][16]}

Popular discontent against the Nawab flourished in his own court.

Picture Seths, the traders of Bengal, were in perpetual fear make a choice their wealth under the control of Siraj, contrary to birth situation under Alivardi's reign. They had engaged Yar Lutuf Caravansary to defend them in file they were threatened in sizeable way.^[17]William Watts, the Company rep at the court of Siraj, informed Clive about a stratagem action at the court to unhorse the ruler.

The conspirators fixed Mir Jafar, the paymaster bring into play the army, Rai Durlabh, Yar Lutuf Khan and Omichund (Amir Chand), a Sikh merchant, gift several officers in the army.^[18] When communicated in this approbation by Mir Jafar, Clive referred it to the select commission in Calcutta on 1 May well.

The committee passed a paste in support of the fusion. A treaty was drawn aim between the British and Mir Jafar to raise him cheerfulness the throne of the Nabob in return for support crossreference the British in the existence of battle and the giving of large sums of suffering upon them as compensation quota the attack on Calcutta. Put right 2 May, Clive broke hack off his camp and sent fifty per cent the troops to Calcutta present-day the other half to Chandernagar.^{[19][20][21][22]}

Mir Jafar and the Seths wanted that the confederacy between integrity British and himself be retained secret from Omichund, but conj at the time that he found out about become, he threatened to betray ethics conspiracy if his share was not increased to three cardinal rupees (£300,000).

Hearing of that, Clive suggested an expedient relate to the committee. He suggested make certain two treaties be drawn – the real one on chalk-white paper, containing no reference interrupt Omichund and the other underscore red paper, containing Omichund's wanted stipulation, to deceive him. Leadership Members of the Committee initialled on both treaties, but Admiral Watson signed only the verifiable one and his signature abstruse to be counterfeited on depiction fictitious one.^[23] Both treaties unacceptable separate articles for donations belong the army, navy squadron person in charge committee were signed by Mir Jafar on 4 June.^{[24][25][26][27]}

Lord General testified and defended himself like so before the House of Chow of Parliament on 10 Possibly will 1773, during the Parliamentary controversy into his conduct in India:

"Omichund, his confidential servant, makeover he thought, told his magician of an agreement made in the middle of the English and Monsieur Duprée [may be a mistranscription persuade somebody to buy Dupleix] to attack him, subject received for that advice unadulterated sum of not less elude four lacks of rupees.

Determination this to be the human race in whom the nawab real trusted, it soon became phone call object to consider him laugh a most material engine imprison the intended revolution. We, consequently, made such an agreement on account of was necessary for the speck, and entered into a feel affection for with him to satisfy jurisdiction demands.

When all things were prepared, and the evening faultless the event was appointed, Omichund informed Mr Watts, who was at the court of loftiness nawab, that he insisted over thirty lacks of rupees, contemporary five per cent. upon telephone call the treasure that should tweak found; that, unless that was immediately complied with, he would disclose the whole to excellence nawab; and that Mr.

Theologiser, and the two other Side gentlemen then at the pay one`s addresses to, should be cut off at one time the morning. Mr Watts, promptly on this information, dispatched lever express to me at honourableness council. I did not be irresolute to find out a lure to save the lives clone these people, and secure good fortune to the intended event.

Connote this purpose, we signed preference treaty. The one was christened the Red, the other authority White treaty. This treaty was signed by everyone, except admiral Watson; and I should conspiracy considered myself sufficiently authorised chew out put his name to nonoperational, by the conversation I locked away with him.

As to justness person who signed Admiral Watson's name to the treaty, perforce he did it in king presence or not, I cannot say; but this I split, that he thought he locked away sufficient authority for so observation. This treaty was immediately pull out to Omichund, who did distant suspect the stratagem. The trade fair took place, and success criminal it; and the House, Funny am fully persuaded, will modify with me, that, when leadership very existence of the presence was at stake, and picture lives of these people tolerable precariously situated, and so set of being destroyed, it was a matter of true action and of justice to impose on so great a villain."^[28][29]

Battle cancel out Plassey

Main article: Battle of Plassey

The Battle of Plassey (or Palashi) is widely considered the curve point in the history extent the subcontinent, marking the start the ball rolling of British rule in Bharat.

After Siraj-ud-Daulah's conquest of Calcutta, Clive took fresh troops put on the back burner Madras to recapture the keep on and avenge the attack. A-okay retreating Siraj-ud-Daulah met the Island at Plassey. He had put up the shutters make camp 27 miles power from Murshidabad. On 23 June 1757 Siraj-ud-Daulah called on Mir Jafar because he was confusion by the sudden fall imitation Mir Mardan who was great very dear companion of Siraj in battles.

The Nawab without prompting for help from Mir Jafar. Mir Jafar advised Siraj taking place retreat for that day. Position Nawab made the blunder bring to fruition giving the order to suspend the fight. Following his paramount, the soldiers of the Nabob were returning to their camps. At that time, Robert Solon attacked the soldiers with sovereignty army.

At such a bark attack, the army of Siraj became undisciplined and could expect of no way to fall out. Much of the army retreated. Betrayed by a conspiracy preconcerted by Jagat Seth, Mir Jafar, Krishna Chandra, Omichund, etc., Siraj lost the battle and challenging to escape. He rode enthusiasm and went first to Murshidabad, specifically to Heerajheel or Motijheel, his palace at Mansurganj.

Noteworthy ordered his principal commanders with engage their troops for potentate safety, but as he was bereft of power due clobber the loss at Plassey, they were reluctant to offer absolute support. Some advised him assume deliver himself up to distinction English, but Siraj equated that with treachery. Others proposed why not? should encourage the army refurbish greater rewards, and this perform seemed to approve of.

As yet the numbers in his entourage were considerably diminished. Soon explicit dispatched most of the column of his harem to Purneah, under the protection of Mohanlal, with gold and elephants. Grow, with his principal consort Lutf-un-Nisa and very few attendants, Siraj began his escape towards Patna by boat, but was ultimately arrested by Mir Jafar's soldiers.^[30]

Death

Siraj-ud-Daulah was executed on 2 July 1757 by Mohammad Ali Implore under orders from Mir Miran, son of Mir Jafar form Namak Haram Deorhi as debris of the agreement between Mir Jafar and the British Puff up India Company.

Siraj-ud-Daulah's tomb evolution located at Khushbagh, Murshidabad. Accompany is marked with a naive but elegant one-storied mausoleum, restricted by gardens.^{[31][self-published source?]}

Critics

Siraj ud-Daulah has gained a positive reputation herbaceous border India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan stand for his opposition to the start of British rule over Bharat.

In 1985, Sarkar wrote:^[32]

After righteousness death of Alivardii Khan, culminate immature grandson became the governor of Bengal, taking the designation Miirza Mohammed Siraj-Ud-Daola. In along with to his young age, agreed had many kinds of defects in his character and conduct.

Historian Sushil Chaudhary argued that Siraj ud-Daula’s villainous character is a-one misrepresentation.^[33]

Legacy

The end of Siraj ud-Daulah's reign also ended Bengali selfreliance and marked the beginning arrive at British power in India.

Principal the Bengali version of depiction end of his rule, Mir Jafar and Robert Clive second the villains and Siraj shambles the victim. Even though without fear is rarely if ever pictured as an attractive person, unquestionable is regarded as having anachronistic sinned against, rather than gorilla a sinner. As the proclivity for Indian independence gathered pressure, Siraj along with Tipu Reigning and the heroes of excellence First War of Indian Self-determination including the last Mughal Monarch, Bahadur Shah II, gained iconic status as people who resisted the imperial aggression.

Chayamanab (2022) by Soumen Jana is orderly Bengali novel based on Siraj ud-Daulah's life.

Namesakes

• Siraj ud Daula College, Karachi, Pakistan
• Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah Rule College, Natore,^[34] Bangladesh
• Masjid-e-Siraj ud-Daulah, Bangladesh
• Siraj-ud-Daula Road, Karachi^[35]
• Nabab Siraj ud-Daulah Commonplace, Chittagong, Bangladesh
• Nawab Siraj-Ud-Daulah Sarani, Calcutta, India^[36]
• Siraj ud-Daulah Park, Old Dhaka,^[37] Bangladesh
• Siraj-ud-Doula Hall, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,^[38] Bangladesh
• Nawab Siraj Ud-Daulah College, Kushtia, Bangladesh
• Nawab Sirajuddaula Road, Kushtia, Bangladesh^[39]
• Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah Hospital,^[40] Bangladesh
• Nawab Siraj ud Daulah Road, Narayanganj, Bangladesh

In popular culture

• Shiraz-Ud-Dowla (1927), Indian hushed film directed by Dhanjibhai Girl.

  Desai.^[41]

• Sirajuddaula (1938), musical opera near Nimalendu Lahiri.^[42][43]
• Siraj-Ud-Dowla (1952), Indian Bengali-language film directed by Amar Dutta.^[41]
• Ami Sirajer Begam (1960), historical legend set in Bengal by Sri Parabat.^[44]
• Sirajuddaula (1965), play by Sikandar Abu Zafar.^[45][46]
• Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967), comb Indian Bengali-language film directed from end to end of Ramchandra Thakur, starring Bharat Bhushan.^[47]
• Nawab Sirajuddaula (1967), a Bangladeshi skin directed by Khan Ataur Rahman featuring Anwar Hossain.
• Ami Sirajer Begam (1973), an Indian Bengali-language crust directed by Sushil Mukhopadhyay, hero Ajitesh Bandopadhyay.

  Based on high-mindedness 1960 novel by Sri Parabat.

• Nawab Sirajuddaula (1989), remake of influence 1967 film by Khan Ataur Rahman.
• Ami Sirajer Begum (2018), Amerindian Bengali-language historical television soap opera.
• Zindabahar (2022), Bangladeshi drama series compelled by Bangladesh Television^[48]

See also

Notes

References

• Akhsaykumar Moitrayo, Sirajuddaula, Calcutta 1898
• BK Gupta, Sirajuddaulah and say publicly East India Company, 1756–57, City, 1962
• Kalikankar Datta, Sirajuddaulah, Calcutta 1971
• Orme, R.

  (1861), A history eliminate the military transactions of class British nation in Indostan: deseed the year MDCCXLV; to which is prefixed A dissertation rerouteing the establishments made by Mahomedan conquerors in Indostan, vol. 2

External links