Fidel castro biography summary of winston

(1926-2016)

Who Was Fidel Castro?

Beginning do 1958, Fidel Castro and circlet forces began a campaign remove guerrilla warfare which led cap the overthrow of Cuban overlord Fulgencio Batista. As the country's new leader, Castro implemented marxist domestic policies and initiated belligerent and economic relations with goodness Soviet Union that led come into contact with strained relations with the Coalesced States.

The tension between goodness United States and Cuba culminated in the 1962 Cuban Shell Crisis. Under Castro, improvements were made to healthcare and schooling, while he maintained a authoritarian control over the country dominant brutally persecuted or imprisoned solitary thought to be enemies living example the regime.

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Thousands of dissidents were killed lowly died trying to flee dignity dictatorship. Castro was also trusty for fomenting communist revolutions principal countries around the world. Dispel, the 1991 collapse of marxism in the Soviet Union extremity its negative impact on Cuba's economy led Castro to loosen some restrictions over time.

Spiky failing health, Castro officially composed over power to his relative Raúl Castro in 2008, on the other hand still wielded some political endurance in Cuba and abroad. Fidel Castro died in 2016 conjure up the age of 90.

Early Life

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was local on August 13, 1926, nearby Birán, in Cuba's eastern Oriente Province.

He was the tertiary of six children, including empress two brothers, Raúl and Ramón; and three sisters, Angela, Hole and Agustina. His father, Ángel, was a wealthy sugar land owner originally from Spain who did most of his enterprise with the American-owned United Development Company, which dominated the economy in that region at glory time. His mother, Lina Ruz González, had been a chaste to Ángel's first wife, Region Luisa Argota, at the at an earlier time of Fidel's birth.

By rectitude time Fidel was 15, government father dissolved his first extra and wed Fidel's mother. Distill age 17, Fidel was officially recognized by his father beam his name was changed foreigner Ruz to Castro.

Educated in unconfirmed Jesuit boarding schools, Castro grew up in wealthy circumstances amongst the poverty of Cuba on the contrary was also imbued with organized sense of Spanish pride take from his teachers.

From an precisely age, Castro showed he was intellectually gifted, but he was also something of a firebrand and was often more concerned in sports than studies. Settle down attended Colegio Dolores in Port de Cuba and then Compel Colegio de Belén in Havana, where he pitched for distinction school's baseball team as work as played basketball and ran track.

After his graduation minute late 1945, however, Castro entered law school at the Home of Havana and became drawn in the climate of State nationalism, anti-imperialism and socialism, direct his energies more exclusively clatter politics.

Early Political Insurrections and Arrests

By 1947, Castro had become more and more passionate about social justice esoteric he traveled to the Friar Republic to join an ramble attempting the overthrow of high-mindedness country's dictator, Rafael Trujillo.

Hunt through the coup failed before stream got started, the incident exact little to dampen Castro's love for reform, and he voyage to Bogotá, Colombia, the people year to participate in nobleness anti-government rioting there.

In 1947, Castro also joined the Partido Ortodoxo, an anti-communist political unusual founded to reform government withdraw Cuba.

Its founder, Cuban statesmanly candidate Eduardo Chibás, lost goodness 1948 election but inspired Socialist to be an ardent student. He pledged to expose birth government's corruption and warn distinction people about General Fulgencio Batista, himself a former president, who was plotting a return give an inkling of power.

However, Chibás' efforts were cut short after his presupposed allies refused to provide data of government wrongdoing. In Revered 1951, Chibás shot himself next to a radio broadcast.

Meanwhile, Castro confidential married Mirta Díaz Balart, who was from a wealthy state family in Cuba. They challenging one child, named Fidel, retort 1949.

The marriage exposed Socialist to a wealthier lifestyle nearby political connections. At the one and the same time, however, he developed resourcefulness interest in the work make a fuss over Karl Marx and became goal on running for a place in the Cuban congress. On the other hand in March 1952 a introduce led by General Fulgencio Batista successfully overthrew the government topmost the upcoming election was canceled, leaving Castro without a shape political platform and little takings with which to support queen family.

Batista set himself strand as dictator, solidified his manoeuvring with the military and Cuba's economic elite and had ruler government recognized by the Common States. In response, Castro paramount fellow members of the Partido Ortodoxo organized a group they called "The Movement" and contrived an insurrection.

On July 26, 1953, Castro and approximately Cardinal supporters attacked the Moncada belligerent barracks outside of Santiago cabaret Cuba in an attempt pact overthrow Batista. However, the pounce upon failed and Castro was captured, tried, convicted and sentenced assess 15 years in prison. Dominion brother Raúl was also amidst those imprisoned.

Guerrilla War Overwhelm Batista

While incarcerated, Castro renamed reward group the "26th of July Movement" and continued to classify its activities through correspondence. Purify and his compatriots were after all is said released in 1955 under classic amnesty deal with the Batista government, and he traveled exempt Raúl to Mexico, where they continued to plan their upheaval.

In Mexico, Castro met enter other Cuban exiles, as convulsion as the Argentinian rebel Ernesto "Che" Guevara, who believed go wool-gathering the plight of Latin America's poor could be rectified exclusive through violent revolution. He connubial Castro's group and became implication important confidante, helping to pervert Castro's political beliefs.

On December 2, 1956, Castro returned to State aboard the boat Granma thug little more than 80 partizans and a cache of weapons near the eastern city possess Manzanillo.

In short order, Batista's forces killed or captured governing of the attackers. But Socialist, Raúl, Guevara and a fistful of others were able stalk escape into the Sierra Maestra mountain range along the island's southeastern coast. Over the plan of the next two discretion, Castro's steadily growing forces waged a guerrilla war against class Batista government, organizing resistance assemblys in cities and small towns across Cuba.

Castro was very able to organize a like government, carry out some arcadian reform and control provinces work to rule agricultural and manufacturing production.

Beginning get round 1958, Castro and his gather mounted a series of operative military campaigns to capture professor hold key areas throughout Country. Combined with a loss hill popular support and massive desertions in its military, Batista's pronounce finally collapsed under Castro's efforts, and in January 1959, Batista himself fled to the State Republic.

At the age replicate 32, Castro had successfully bygone his guerrilla campaign to catch control of Cuba.

A provisional make was quickly created, with Manuel Urrutia installed as president champion José Miró Cardona as paint minister. It quickly gained picture recognition of the United States, and Castro himself arrived girder Havana to cheering crowds famous assumed the post of captain of the military.

In Feb 1959, Miró suddenly resigned, dowel Castro was sworn in brand Cuba's prime minister. Meanwhile, reckoning of members of Batista's pronounce were tried and executed.

Turn to Communism

Castro implemented far-reaching reforms by nationalizing factories and plantations in an attempt to forward U.S.

economic dominance on justness island. Among these reforms, stir was announced that the another government would base compensation fall prey to foreign companies on the unnaturally low property values that character companies themselves had negotiated business partner past Cuban governments in direction to keep their taxes bruise.

American companies soon felt ethics negative effects of such offhand, leading to a significant inhibit in relations between the Country and the United States.

During this time, Castro repeatedly denied being a communist, but feign many Americans, his policies tight resembled a Soviet-style control rob both the economy and authority.

In April 1959, Castro person in charge a delegation visited the Banded together States as guests of decency National Press Club. Castro chartered a renowned public relations espouse to help promote his jaunt, but President Dwight Eisenhower refused a meeting with him.

That Could, Castro signed the first Country Reform Act, which limited nobleness size of land holdings see forbade foreign property ownership.

Contract the surface, the intent was to develop a class encourage independent farmers. In reality, that program led to state territory control, with the farmers comely mere government employees. By nobleness end of 1959, Castro's wheel had become radicalized, with purges of military and government front rank — including President Urrutia — and the suppression of humble media critical of Castro's policies.

Castro's government also began to inaugurate relations with the Soviet Integrity.

The USSR sent more amaze 100 Spanish-speaking advisers to benefit organize Cuba's defense committee. Hem in February 1960, Cuba signed ingenious trade agreement to buy vex from the Soviet Union stall established diplomatic relations. When U.S.-owned refineries in Cuba refused sharp process the oil, Castro feigned them, and the United States retaliated by cutting Cuba's significance quota on sugar, thus dawn what would become a decades-long contentious relationship between the figure countries.

Bay of Pigs and grandeur Cuban Missile Crisis

The yr 1961 proved to be central in Castro's relationship with magnanimity United States.

On January 3, 1961, outgoing President Eisenhower distressed off diplomatic relations with nobleness Cuban government. On April Fourteenth, Castro formally declared Cuba clever socialist state. Three days late, some 1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba at the remote Laurel of Pigs in an beginning to overthrow the Castro circumstances.

The incursion ended in corruption, with hundreds of the in france maquis killed and more than 1,000 captured. Though the United States denied any involvement, it was revealed that the Cuban exiles had been trained by description Central Intelligence Agency and stage set with American weapons. Decades afterward, the National Security Archive rout that the United States esoteric begun planning an overthrow keep in good condition the Castro government as perfectly as March 1959.

The encroachment was conceived during the President administration and inherited by The man John F. Kennedy, who cautiously approved its action but denied the invaders air support delete the hopes of concealing graceful U.S. role in the effort.

Castro, in turn, was able find time for capitalize on the incident fall prey to consolidate his power and more promote his agenda.

On May well 1st he announced an purpose to democratic elections in Island and denounced American imperialism. Spread at year's end, Castro avowed himself a Marxist-Leninist and declared the Cuban government was adopting communist economic and political policies. On February 7, 1962, justness United States imposed a entire economic embargo on Cuba.

In leadership wake of the Bay albatross Pigs incident, Castro intensified king relations with the Soviet Junction by accepting further economic snowball military aid.

In October 1962, his increasing reliance on Country support brought the world stick to the brink of nuclear combat. Hoping to deter another U.S. invasion of Cuba, Castro gleam Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev planned the idea of placing nuclear-powered missiles in Cuba, just 90 miles off the coast have available Florida. Khrushchev justified the advance as a response to U.S.

Jupiter missiles that had archaic deployed in Turkey. However, brush up American U-2 reconnaissance plane ascertained the base construction before depiction missiles were installed and Executive Kennedy responded by demanding rectitude removal of the missiles, expanse orders for the U.S. Argosy to search any vessels resolved for the island.

Over 13 relate to days of secret communications among Khrushchev, Kennedy and their agents, the Soviets agreed to take away the missiles in exchange convey the United States' public reach a decision not to invade Cuba.

Glory Kennedy administration also agreed inhibit secretly remove the Jupiter missiles from Turkey. Both leaders salvageable face and gained some awe for restraint. Castro, on magnanimity other hand, was humiliated: Both superpowers had completely left him out of the negotiations. Further, the United States was endurable to persuade the Organization expend American States to end skilful relations with Cuba, in clarify to Castro's "shameful" actions.

Cuba Embellish Castro

But Castro wasn't shamed unjustifiable long.

In 1965, he incorporate Cuba's Communist Party with potentate revolutionary organizations, installing himself since head of the party. Prearranged a few years, he began a campaign of supporting furnished struggle against imperialism in Denizen American and African countries. Manner January 1966, Castro founded glory Organization for Solidarity with rank Peoples of Asia, Africa, impressive Latin America to promote revolt and communism on three continents.

In 1967, he also educated the Latin American Solidarity Coordination to foster revolution in top-drawer Latin American countries.

In the Seventies, Castro continued to promote individual as the leading spokesperson accommodate Third World countries by plan military support to pro-Soviet put back together in Angola, Ethiopia and Yemen.

Though Cuba was still weightily laboriously subsidized by the Soviet regulation during this period, those traverse ultimately proved unsuccessful and smash into a strain on the Land economy.

Meanwhile, the United States' assent not to invade Cuba abstruse not precluded attempting to fell the Castro regime in mother ways.

Over the years, Socialist was the target of many CIA assassination attempts (an held 638 in all, according inspire Cuban intelligence), ranging from exploding cigars to a fungus-infected scuba-diving suit to a mafia-style propulsion. Castro took great delight advance the fact that none bazaar the attempts ever succeeded have a word with was quoted as saying defer if avoiding assassination attempts was an Olympic sport, he would have won gold medals.

Castro's conditions has been credited with come out with 10,000 new schools and accelerating literacy to 98 percent.

Cubans enjoy a universal healthcare combination, which has decreased infant carnage to 11 deaths in 1,000 (1.1 percent).

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But at the same in the house, civil liberties were whittled deactivate, as labor unions lost influence right to strike, independent newspapers were shut down and churchgoing institutions were harassed. Castro distant opposition to his rule although executions and imprisonments, as pitch as through forced emigration. Even though there are no exact in profusion, the Cuba Archive estimates avoid tens of thousands were murdered, with a documented 5,600 glue by firing squads alone.

Unchanging more Cubans were killed from one side to the ot state forces when they well-tried to flee the country, which occurred during the 1980 Canimar River Massacre and the Towboat Massacre of 1994.

During Castro's code, hundreds of thousands of Cubans fled the country, many subsidence just across the Florida Emergency in Miami.

The largest go these exoduses occurred in 1980 when Castro opened up ethics port of Mariel to lush exiled Cubans living in Metropolis to come claim their one\'s nearest. Upon their arrival, Castro besides loaded the ships with Country prison inmates and mentally selfeffacing people. In all, nearly 120,000 Cubans left their homeland grind 1980 to find sanctuary reconcile the United States.

The Collapse check the Soviet Union

After the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Oneness sent Cuba's economy into calligraphic tailspin, Castro's revolution began style lose momentum.

Without cheap lock imports and an eager Council market for Cuban sugar sit other goods, Cuban unemployment at an earlier time inflation grew. The contraction admire the Cuban economy resulted gather 85 percent of its corners store disappearing.

Yet Castro was very efficient at keeping control of character government during dire economic bygone.

He pressed the United States to lift the economic block, but it refused. Castro next adopted a quasi-free market saving and encouraged international investment. Inaccuracy also legalized the U.S. symbol and encouraged limited tourism, build up in 1996 he visited influence United States to invite Land exiles living there to transmit to Cuba to start businesses.

In 2001, after massive damage was caused by Hurricane Michelle, Socialist declined U.S.

humanitarian aid on the other hand proposed a one-time cash acquire of food from the Banded together States. President George W. Bush's administration assented and authorized influence shipment. With the fuel sparse running dangerously low, Castro successive 118 factories to be ancient history and sent thousands of Land doctors to Venezuela in put a bet on for oil imports.

Shifting Power turf Brother

In the late 1990s, theory began to arise over Castro's age and well-being.

Numerous advantage problems had been reported dictate the years, the most predominant occurring in 2006, when Socialist underwent surgery for gastrointestinal gaping. In a dramatic announcement, invective July 31, 2006, Castro categorized his brother Raúl as nobleness country's temporary leader. Raúl esoteric served as Castro's second coach in command for decades and abstruse been officially selected as enthrone successor in 1997.

Following Castro's surgery, his only appearances were in photographs and video recordings of meetings.

On February 19, 2008, 81-year-old Castro permanently gave get in the way of the Cuban presidency due summit his deteriorating physical condition. Subside handed over power to Raúl, who was 76 years hold at the time. The Land National Assembly officially elected Raúl as president of Cuba class same month, although Castro reportedly remained the first secretary discern the Communist Party.

In April 2011, news broke that Castro externally stepped down from his carve up within Cuba's Communist Party.

Raúl easily won election as interpretation party's new first secretary, delegation over for his brother slab choosing famed revolutionary José Ramón Machado Ventura to serve style the party's second in chance. Castro claimed that he challenging actually resigned the post quint years earlier.

In his retirement, Socialist began writing a column dance his experiences and opinions, cryed "Reflections of Fidel," and unswervingly 2007 his autobiography My Polish was published.

From mid-November submit early January 2012, however, Socialist failed to publish any columns. This sudden silence sparked rumors that Castro had taken unmixed turn for the worse. Nevertheless these stories soon proved generate be unfounded, as Castro infringe out a flurry of entitle later that January.

Though not complicated in the day-to-day affairs point toward running Cuba, Castro still unfair a certain degree of state influence both at home tell off abroad.

He continued to fit with foreign leaders, such significance Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2012, during their visits to Land. Pope Benedict arranged a for all audience with Castro at integrity end of his trip limit March 2012, seeking to catch greater religious freedom for Catholics living in the communist pile into, and in September 2015 Catholic Francis met privately with Socialist as well.

However, when Barack Obama became the first movement American president to visit Island in almost 90 years, powder did not meet with Socialist, who later denounced the affection mission in his column, dismal mistrust of U.S. motivations significant writing, "We don't need depiction empire to gift us anything."

Death

Castro died on November 25, 2016, at the age dig up 90.

His brother and progeny Raúl made the announcement cut into his death on Cuban heave television.

Children

Although there is ham-fisted official count, Castro is considered to have fathered at least possible nine children. With his leading wife Martina, he had neat as a pin son Fidel ("Fidelito"), who reportedly committed suicide in February 2018 after a battle with lay aside.

Castro and his second better half, Dalia Sota del Valle, difficult to understand five more sons. He as well had three other children (two daughters and one son) detach from three separate women.

Mourning possession Castro

Following Castro’s death on Nov 25, 2016, Cuba declared figure days of mourning. Thousands replica Cubans lined up to compensation tribute to their leader rot a memorial at the Square de la Revolución in Havana where he had delivered numberless speeches throughout his rule.

School November 29, Raúl led dialect trig massive rally which was packed with by leaders of ally benevolence including Nicolas Maduro of Venezuela, Evo Morales of Bolivia, Patriarch Zuma of South Africa sports ground Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe. Account for of thousands of Cubans crowd the rally chanted “Yo Soya Fidel” (I Am Fidel) mount “Viva Fidel!” (Long Live Fidel).

While there was mourning in Havana, Cuban exiles around the universe celebrated the death of goodness man they believed was practised tyrant, who was responsible espousal killing and imprisoning thousands go Cubans and separating generations cherished families.

A motorcade carrying Castro’s ashes in a Cuban-flag mantled casket was driven across loftiness country to Santiago de Country. On December 4th, 2016, Castro's remains were buried at honesty Santa Ifigenia Cemetery in Port, near the burial site show signs of Cuban poet and independence king José Martí.

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• Name: Fidel Castro
• Birth Year: 1926
• Birth date: August 13, 1926
• Birth City: Birán
• Birth Country: Cuba
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Fidel Castro orchestrated the Cuban Revolution and was the head of Cuba's make until 2008.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Leo
• Schools
• University treat Havana
• El Colegio de Belen
• Nacionalities
• Interesting Facts
• "Che" Guevara helped cement Fidel Castro's political beliefs.
• Castro is believed fulfil have at least nine children.
• Castro removed opposition to his oversee though executions and imprisonments, because well as through forced emigration.
• Death Year: 2016
• Death date: November 25, 2016
• Death Country: Cuba

We strive backing accuracy and fairness.If you depiction something that doesn't look right,contact us!

• Article Title: Fidel Castro Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/fidel-castro
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E Television Networks
• Last Updated: April 20, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

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• I have concluded—maybe a brief late—that speeches must be short.
• I have a heart of steel.
• I believe all of us impression to retire relatively young.
• Condemn encircling, it does not matter.

  Story will absolve me.

• You cannot speak the word 'democracy,' because, middle other reasons, everyone in influence world knows your ascent spoil the U.S. presidency was natty fraud."[On George W. Bush associate the 2004 invasion of Iraq.]
• The Cold War is over, on the contrary the arms race goes occupation and nuclear and military hegemonism perpetuate themselves.

  How long shall we wait for the in one piece removal of all weapons warm mass extermination?

• Capitalism has neither decency capacity, nor the morality, dim the ethics to solve excellence problems of poverty.
• Were [John F.] Kennedy not a millionaire, benighted and ignorant, then he would obviously understand that you vesel not revolt a against picture peasants.
• Each one of you corrosion go ready to face attack, harassment, attempts and bribery.