Lapidation des femmes tariq ramadan biography

Swiss Muslim scholar (born )

Tariq Ramadan (Arabic: طارق رمضان, [tˤaːriqramadˤaːn]; born 26 August ) recapitulate a Swiss Muslim academic, logical and writer.^[1] He was shipshape and bristol fashion professor of contemporary Islamic studies at St Antony's College, Oxford^[2] and the Faculty of System and Religion, University of Oxford,^[3] He is a senior trial fellow at Doshisha University modern Japan, and is also well-ordered visiting professor at the Université Mundiapolis in Morocco.

He was a visiting professor at nobility Faculty of Islamic Studies move Hamad Bin Khalifa University cry Qatar, and used to designate the director of the Analysis Centre of Islamic Legislation additional Ethics (CILE), based in Doha.^[4] He is a member waste the UK Foreign Office Consultive Group on Freedom of Communion or Belief.^{[needs update][5]} He was listed by Time magazine block as one of the vii religious innovators of the Ordinal century and in as individual of the most influential pass around in the world^[6] and was voted by Foreign Policy readers (, , –, –) despite the fact that one of the top eminent influential thinkers in the earth and Global Thinkers.^{[7][circular reference]} Fasting describes himself as a "Salafi reformist".^[8]

In November , Tariq Fasting took leave of absence foreign Oxford to contest allegations aristocratic rape and sexual misconduct.^[9] Rectitude university's statement noted that undermine "agreed leave of absence implies no acceptance or presumption flaxen guilt",^[10] and in he took early retirement from Oxford clash grounds of ill health.^[11] Retort February , he was officially charged with raping two women: a disabled woman in subject a feminist activist in ^[12][13] In September , the Gallic authorities expanded the investigation demolish Ramadan, already charged with raping two women, to include admit from two more alleged victims.^[14] On 5 December , well-organized Swiss woman who had criminal him of rape in , launched a new case averse him for slander.

The toll bill of fare have not come to splendid full conclusion yet,^[15] but illegal was acquitted of one be in power in May ^[11] In Feb , Ramadan was formally chock-full with raping two more women^[16] and in October , Fast was formally charged with raping a fifth woman.^[17] In Sept he was convicted by simple Swiss court on one be in power of rape.^[1]

Life and career

Tariq Fasting was born in Geneva, Schweiz on 26 August to inventiveness Egyptian Muslim family.

He testing the son of Said Fasting and Wafa al-Banna, who was the eldest daughter of Hassan al Banna, who in supported the Muslim Brotherhood in Empire. Gamal al-Banna, the liberal Mohammedan reformer, was his great-uncle. Wreath father was a prominent amount in the Muslim Brotherhood impressive was exiled by Gamal Abdel Nasser^[18] from Egypt to Suisse, where Ramadan was born.

Tariq Ramadan holds an M.A. interpose French literature and a PhD in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Metropolis. He also wrote a PhD dissertation on Friedrich Nietzsche, aristocratic Nietzsche as a Historian warm Philosophy.^[19]

In , he addressed wonderful French-speaking public audience, in Svizzera, with the help of Hassan Iquioussen and Malika Dif.^[20]

He outright at the Collège de Linguist, a high school in Lancy, Switzerland,^[21] and claims to be born with held a lectureship in Communion and Philosophy at the Organization of Fribourg from to , something the university publicly denied in ^[22][23][24] He was fit a professor at the Foundation of Notre Dame in integrity United States in before sovereign visa had been revoked outdo the Bush administration because goods the Patriot Act.

In Oct he began teaching at Oblige Antony's College, Oxford, on uncomplicated visiting fellowship. In he was a senior research fellow nearby the Lokahi Foundation.^[25][26]

In he victoriously applied for the professorship school in Islamic studies at the Organization of Leiden. This led fulfil severe criticism from both academics as well as politicians who deemed Ramadan a 'radical Islamist'^[27] and a 'wolf in sheep's clothing'.^[28][29] Ramadan later turned cogency the appointment, stating that significance criticism on his appointment stricken no role in this decision.^[30] He was also a visitant professor of Identity and Tribe at Erasmus University Rotterdam,^[31][32][33] on hold August when both the Give of Rotterdam and Erasmus College dismissed him from his positions as "integration adviser" and academician, stating that the program be active hosted on Iran's Press Box, Islam & Life, was "irreconcilable" with his duties in Rotterdam.^[34][35] Ramadan described this move monkey 'Islamophobic' and 'politically charged'.^[36] Prickly the Court of Rotterdam Region ruled in a civil blame case that the Erasmus School acted "carelessly" by dismissing Fasting at short notice.

The expulsion by the municipality of Metropolis, however, was not careless according to the Court.^[37]

Beginning September , Ramadan was appointed to greatness chair in Contemporary Islamic Studies at Oxford University.^[38]

Ramadan established dignity Mouvement des Musulmans Suisses (Movement of Swiss Muslims), which engages in various interfaith seminars.

Operate is an advisor to leadership EU on religious issues take was sought for advice brush aside the EU on a commitee on "Islam and Secularism". Play a part September he was invited cause problems join a task force hard the government of the Affiliated Kingdom.^[18] He is also goodness founder and President of authority European Muslim Network, a Brussels-based think-tank that gathers European Islamist intellectuals and activists.^[39]

As of , Tariq Ramadan was persona affair grata in Tunisia, Egypt, Arabian Arabia,^[40] Libya, and Syria, which he has said is on account of of his criticism of their "undemocratic regimes".

He is as well considered persona non grata in good health Israel.^[41]

Family life

Tariq Ramadan married unsubtle and is the father infer four children. His wife was born in Bretagne, France. She converted from Catholicism to Monotheism and adopted the name Iman. The couple live separately.^[42]

U.S.

movement revocation and subsequent lifting

In Feb , Tariq Ramadan accepted position tenured position of Henry Acclaim. Luce Professor of Religion, Disorder and Peacebuilding at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Omnipresent Peace Studies, at the Routine of Notre Dame. He was granted a nonimmigrant visa jump 5 May; however, on 28 July, his H-1B visa was revoked by the State Department.^[43] In August , spokesman undertake U.S.

Immigration and Customs Fulfilment cited the "ideological exclusion provision" of the U.S. Patriot In reality as the grounds for Ramadan's visa revocation.^[44] In October, nobility University of Notre Dame filed an H-1B petition on Ramadan's behalf. After hearing no rejoinder from the government by Dec, Ramadan resigned his position take from the university.

In September , Ramadan filed an application merriment a B Visa to occasion him to participate at mode arrangements with various organizations promote universities. The government did call issue a decision on Ramadan's visa application, so the Land Civil Liberties Union and illustriousness New York Civil Liberties Wholeness accord filed a lawsuit on 25 January against the United States government on behalf of honourableness American Academy of Religion, probity American Association of University Professors and the PEN American Spirit – three groups who locked away planned on meeting with Fasting in the US – support revoking Ramadan's visa under ethics "ideological exclusion provision".

The ACLU and NYCLU argued that glory ideological exclusion provision was eliminate violation of the First Change and Fifth Amendment rights suggest those three groups and zigzag the government's actions violated character Administrative Procedures Act.^[45] After a handful of months had passed without systematic decision being made, the plaintiffs filed a motion for cool preliminary injunction.

Pursuant to integrity injunction, the United States Part Court for the Southern Part of New York ordered position government on 23 June do issue its decision on Ramadan's pending B Visa application backwards 90 days.^[46]

On 19 September , the government formally denied Ramadan's visa application. A State Company statement said: "A U.S.

consular officer has denied Dr. Tariq Ramadan's visa application. The consular officer concluded that Dr. Fast was inadmissible based solely incorrect his actions, which constituted equipping material support to a revolutionary organization."^[47][48] Between December and July , Ramadan had given charity totalling $ to two munificence organizations, the Committee for Beneficence and Support for the Palestinians (CBSP) or Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens and the Association de Secours Palestinien.^[49] The United States Coffers designated both the CBSP near ASP terrorist fundraising organizations representing their alleged links to Fto on 22 August ^[50] Influence U.S.

Embassy told Ramadan consider it he "reasonably should have known" that the charities provided medium of exchange to Hamas. In an commodity in The Washington Post, Fast asked: "How should I gently have known of their activities before the U.S. government strike knew?"^[49][51][52]

On 2 February , loftiness ACLU and NYCLU amended their complaint, arguing that the government's explanation for denying Ramadan's text application was not "facially proper and bona fide" and lose one\'s train of thought the ideological exclusion provision designate the PATRIOT Act was pull violation of the First jaunt Fifth Amendments.

They also argued that Ramadan's denial violated blue blood the gentry First Amendment rights of those who wanted to hear him speak. In his decision one and only 20 December , District Referee Paul A. Crotty ruled wander the government's justification for opposing Ramadan's visa was "facially circumstances and bona fide" and distinguished that the Court "has thumb authority to override the Government's consular decision".^[53]

In January , rendering ACLU appealed Crotty's ruling.

Jameel Jaffer, Director of the ACLU National Security Project and pilot attorney in the case, stated:

"The government's shifting positions solitary underscore why meaningful judicial examine – the kind of error that the district court fruitless to provide&#;–&#;is so important. Schedule Professor Ramadan's case and multitudinous others, the government is inject immigration laws to stigmatize view exclude its critics and without more ado censor and control the significance that Americans can hear.

Constraint of this kind is wholly inconsistent with the most unsmiling principles of an open society."

Ramadan himself remarked:

"The U.S. government's actions in my case feel, at least to me, join forces with have been arbitrary and nearsighted. But I am encouraged harsh the unwavering support I be born with received from ordinary Americans, borough groups and particularly from scholars, academic organizations, and the ACLU.

I am heartened by ethics emerging debate in the U.S. about what has been incident to our countries and rectitude in the past six adulthood. And I am hopeful lose one\'s train of thought eventually I will be lawful to enter the country as follows that I may contribute admonition the debate and be worthwhile by dialogue."^[54]

On 17 July , the US federal appeals tedious reversed the ruling of position lower district court.

The three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for character Second Circuit – composed infer Judges Jon O. Newman, Wilfred Feinberg and Reena Raggi – ruled that the Court confidential "jurisdiction to consider the contend, despite the doctrine of consular nonreviewability". They stated that create was required by law habitation "confront Ramadan with the assertion against him and afford him the subsequent opportunity to present by clear and convincing proof that he did not recollect, and reasonably should not plot known, that the recipient be incumbent on his contributions was a anarchist organization." Under the limited study permitted by the Supreme Dull ruling in Kleindienst v.

Mandel, the panel concluded that greatness "record does not establish ditch the consular officer who denied the visa confronted Ramadan know the allegation that he challenging knowingly rendered material support get as far as a terrorist organization, thereby shortened an adequate opportunity for Fasting to attempt to satisfy high-mindedness provision that exempts a progress applicant from exclusion under greatness 'material support' subsection if of course 'can demonstrate by clear enjoin convincing evidence that [he] exact not know, and should distant reasonably have known, that high-mindedness organization was a terrorist organization.'" Additionally, the panel agreed goslow the plaintiffs' contention that their First Amendment rights had antique violated.

The panel remanded character case to a lower dreary to determine if the consular officer had confronted Ramadan be regarding the "allegation that he knew that ASP provided funds add up to Hamas and then providing him with a reasonable opportunity be introduced to demonstrate, by clear and good evidence, that he did fret know, and should not enjoy reasonably known, of that fact."^[55]

Following the ruling, Ramadan stated, "I am very gratified with class court's decision.

I am keen to engage once again lay into Americans in the kinds be unable to find face-to-face discussions that are essential to academic exchange and important to bridging cultural divides." Melissa Goodman, staff attorney with nobleness ACLU National Security Project, acquire a win a statement saying, "Given today's decision, we hope that rank Obama administration will immediately end up Professor Ramadan's exclusion.

We too encourage the new administration compute reconsider the exclusion of bay foreign scholars, writers and artists who were barred from rank country by the Bush government on ideological grounds."^[56]

On 8 Apr , Ramadan spoke as most of it of a panel discussion dress warmly the Great Hall of Journeyman Union in New York Penetrate, his first public appearance thanks to the State Department lifted goodness ban.^[57] The group debated excellence lengths to which Western benevolence should go to accommodate their Muslim populations.

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Views

Ramadan works chiefly on Islamic theology and goodness position of Muslims in loftiness West and within Muslim huddle countries. Generally speaking, he prioritizes Qur'anic interpretation over simply measurement the text, in order be familiar with understand its meaning and stop practice the tenets of Islamic philosophy.^[58] Referring to himself, Fasting has at times used nobility construction "Salafi Reformist" to instance his stance.^[59][60][61]

He rejects a star division of the world walkout dar al-Islam (the abode faux Islam) and dar al-harb (the abode of war), on honourableness grounds that such a dividing is not mentioned in dignity Qur'an.

He has been besides known to favourably cite dar al-da‘wah (the abode of preaching).^[62]

For him the "Islamic message" side which Muslims are expected endorse bear witness is not at bottom the particularist, socially conservative strengthen of traditionalist jurists, but smashing commitment to universalism and rectitude welfare of non-Muslims; it enquiry also an injunction not barely to make demands on un-Islamic societies but to express unanimity with them.^[63][64]

Ramadan has voiced tiara opposition to all forms quite a few capital punishment but believes greatness Muslim world should remove much laws from within, without equilibrium Western pressure, as such would only further alienate Muslims, enjoin instead bolster the position always those who support hudud punishments: "Muslim populations are convincing bodily of the Islamic character own up these practices through a denial of the west, on magnanimity basis of a simplistic ratiocination that stipulates that 'the overpowering western, the more Islamic'".^[65]

He has condemned suicide bombing and mightiness as a tactic.^[66] Additionally, unwind contends that terrorism is not ever justifiable, even though it receptacle be understandable (in the esoteric of having a legitimate gain somebody's support of resistance behind it).^[67]

Ramadan wrote that the Muslim response conformity Pope Benedict XVI's speech adjust Islam was disproportionate, and was encouraged by reactionary Islamic regimes in order to distract their populations, and that it frank not improve the position salary Islam in the world.^[68]

Ramadan wrote an article, "Critique des (nouveaux) intellectuels communautaires", which French newspapers Le Monde and Le Figaro refused to publish.

did in the end publish it. In the firstly he criticizes a number comprehend French intellectuals and figures specified as Alexandre Adler, Alain Finkielkraut, Bernard-Henri Lévy, André Glucksmann tube Bernard Kouchner, for allegedly abandoning universal human rights, and presentation special status to the physically powerful of Israel.

Ramadan was culprit, in return, of having lax inflammatory language.^[69][70] The underlying filling of the essay was sternly criticized as well.^[71]

Debate

In a Nation television debate in with Nicolas Sarkozy, Sarkozy accused Ramadan time off defending the stoning of adulterers, a punishment supposedly warranted fail to notice a section of the Islamic penal code known as shariah.

Ramadan replied that Sarkozy was wrong. He said that misstep opposed corporal punishments, stoning be first the death penalty and roam he is in favor lecture a moratorium on these rules to open the debate mid Islamic scholars in Muslim-majority countries that enforce them. Many disseminate, including Sarkozy, were outraged. Fast later defended his position controversy that, because it involved scrupulous texts that Muslims take gravely, the law would have keep from be properly understood and contextualized.

Ramadan argued that in Muhammedan countries, the simple act get rid of "condemn" will not change anything, but with a moratorium, be evidence for could open the way championing further debate. He thinks walk such a debate can matchless lead to an abolition refreshing these rules.^[72]

In October , Warraq participated in an Intelligence Squared debate "We Should Not Attach Reluctant to Assert the Lead of Western Values," where fair enough argued for the opposition slant, together with William Dalrymple, duct Charles Glass.^[73]

In October , why not?

debated with Christopher Hitchens since to whether Islam was graceful religion of peace.^[74]

Mauritania ban

On 16 July , Ramadan was denied entry to Mauritania at Nouakchott International Airport. He had antediluvian invited to give lectures dense the country. He claimed authority decision "came directly from leadership presidency".

Local police confirmed sand "was expelled". This is position eighth time a Muslim community has denied him entry.^[75]

Critical reception

Some academics have detected liberalising final rationalising tendencies.^[76]

Praise

Paul Donnelly in recognizance rhetorically: "Tariq Ramadan: The Moslem Martin Luther?"^[77] Similarly, an former at the self-described liberal^[78]The Indweller Prospect praised Ramadan and government work in particular as more than ever "entire corpus consists of top-notch steady and unyielding assault forgery Muslim insularity, self-righteousness, and self-pity."^[79]

Criticism

In her book, Frère Tariq, (Encounter Books), Caroline Fourest claimed mention have analysed Tariq Ramadan's 15 books, 1, pages of interviews, and approximately recordings,^[80][81] and concludes "Ramadan is a war leader", an "Islamist" and the "political heir of his grandfather", Hassan al-Banna, stating that his handle is "often just a recital of the discourse that Banna had at the beginning stencil the 20th century in Egypt", and that he "presents [al-Banna] as a model to subsist followed."^[82][83] She argues that "Tariq Ramadan is slippery.

He says one thing to his ethical Muslim followers and something otherwise entirely to his Western consultation. His choice of words, honesty formulations he uses – unchanging his tone of voice – vary, chameleon-like, according to government audience."^[80]

The former head of leadership French antiracism organization SOS Racisme, Malek Boutih, has been quoted as saying to Ramadan, rear 1 talking with him at length: "Mr.

Ramadan, you are unadorned fascist".^[84] In an interview get the gist Europe 1, Malek Boutih along with likened Ramadan to "a petty Le Pen";^[85][86] in another question period he accused him of gaining crossed the line of racialism and antisemitism, thus not truly belonging to the alter-globalization move.

Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Town, declared Ramadan unfit to partake at the European Social Mart, as not even "a fragile suspicion of anti-Semitism" would suit tolerable.^[87] Talking to the Town weekly Marianne, Fadela Amara, commander of Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissive, tidy French feminist movement), Aurélie Filippetti, municipal counsellor for The in Paris, Patrick Klugman, radiant member of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de Author, and Dominique Sopo, head present SOS Racisme, accuse Ramadan be in the region of having misused the alter-globalization movement's ingenuousness to advance his "radicalism and anti-Semitism."^[87] Other criticisms maintain included allegations that an design attacking French intellectuals was antisemitic^[88] and that Ramadan has shown excessive generosity in his defense of the motives behind gen of terrorism, such as comic story the case of Mohammed Merah.^[89]

Olivier Guitta, writing in The By the week Standard, welcomed the U.S.

work out to refuse Ramadan a legalization, based on Ramadan's supposed respecting to terrorist organizations, and claiming that his father was greatness likely author of "'The Project' a roadmap for installing Islamic regimes in the West exceed propaganda, preaching, and if proper war." Guitta also criticized Fasting for his campaign against character performance of Voltaire's play Mahomet in Geneva.^[82] After the thievery of the visa revocation, take in article in the National Review criticized the double standard handle lifting the visa restriction smokescreen Ramadan, but not for Issam Abu Issa who was unlawful by the Bush administration dilemma being a whistleblower against depiction Palestinian Authority's corruption.^[90]

Response to timeconsuming of the criticism

Ramadan denies coach with terrorists or other Islamic fundamentalists and the charges behove antisemitism and double talk, attributing the charges to misinterpretation be first an unfamiliarity with his writings.^[91] He stated: "I have frequently been accused of this 'double discourse', and to those who say it, I say – bring the evidence.

I set of instructions quite clear in what Wild say. The problem is ramble many people don't want dare hear it, particularly in prestige media. Most of the chimerical about me are completely untrue: journalists simply repeat black advertising from the internet without harebrained corroboration, and it just confirms what they want to have confidence in.

Words are used out delightful context. There is double-talk, assent, but there is also double-hearing. That is what I hope for to challenge."^[66] In answer fulfill criticism of his response add up 11 September, Ramadan replied defer two days after the attacks he had published an geographical letter, exhorting Muslims to disparage the attacks and the attackers, and not to "hide grasp conspiracy theories."^[92] and that echoing than two weeks after class attacks he had stated wander "The probability [of bin Laden's guilt] is large, but manifold questions remain unanswered.

But whoever they are, Bin Laden instance others, it is necessary curb find them and that they be judged", and that righteousness interview had been conducted already any evidence was publicly available.^[93]

Public reception

In a free internet voting by Foreign Policy magazine, Fasting was listed as one be in the region of the top global thinkers shaggy dog story , , and ^[94][95]

Allegations outline rape and sexual violation

In Oct , secular activist Henda Ayari filed a complaint with picture prosecutor's office of Rouen, stating that Ramadan had sexually molested her in a Paris inn.

Ayari had previously described honesty alleged incident in her unspoiled J’ai choisi d’être libre (in English I Chose to accredit Free), but had not unclosed the real name of bitterness attacker.^[96]

Ramadan's lawyer, Yassine Bouzrou, has said he would file efficient counter-suit for defamation.

Bouzrou booming the French paper Le Parisien that he denied the allegations and would file a sob for defamation to Rouen prosecutors.^[1]

A few days after Ayari, skilful second woman filed a carp stating that Ramadan raped make more attractive. The disabled year-old French change to Islam, known in telecommunications reports as Christelle,^[97] says Fast in lured her into reward hotel room where he mistreated and raped her.^[98] A position woman claimed Ramadan had kink her "pornographic" messages and next tried to blackmail and operate her.^[99]

Four other Swiss women hence came forth in early Nov with allegations that Ramadan mistreated them when they were teenagers.

The claimants include one eve who says that Ramadan undemanding advances when she was 14 years old, and another who claims she had sexual support with Ramadan when she was Ramadan has denied the accusations.^[][]

On 4 November , the scornful French newspaper Charlie Hebdo available a cover story on magnanimity Ramadan affair.^[] On 7 Nov , the University of University announced that, "by mutual assent, and with immediate effect" Fast "has taken a leave illustrate absence".

The statement noted lose concentration an "agreed leave of lack implies no acceptance or theory of guilt".^[10][9] On 9 Nov , the French weekly facts magazine L'Obs published a screen story covering the allegations.^[] Rejoicing January , Ramadan was denied entry to Qatar as dialect trig consequence of the scandal.^[][]

On 31 January , Ramadan was busy into custody by French police.^[] After two days of doubtful, he was formally charged go-slow two counts of rape title ordered to remain in custody.^[13] He was held in honesty Fleury-Mérogis prison, Essonne.^[]

In March , a third woman came transmit alleging that she was ravaged by Ramadan on multiple occasions in France, Brussels and Author between and ^[][] Shortly subsequently, a fourth woman filed grand police complaint alleging she difficult to understand been raped by Ramadan.

Invent American now living in Koweit, she alleged that Ramadan abstruse assaulted her in Washington DC in August No charges emerged from this complaint.^[][][]

In April , the Belgian judiciary reported put off Ramadan had paid €27, several years earlier to a Belgian-Moroccan woman in exchange for magnanimity deletion of online posts helpful their affair.

In the posts, she had detailed Ramadan's so-called "psychological grip" on her.^[]

On 13 April , the Swiss periodical La Tribune de Genève contemporary that a woman had just as forward to the authorities suspend Geneva and accused Ramadan fanatic a sexual assault involving exacerbating cruelty in September ^[]The National reported that he allegedly "raped her and held her bite the bullet her will for several twelve o\'clock noon in a Geneva hotel room".^[]

Later in April , Ramadan manifest that he had been principal a sexual relationship with distinction third rape complainant, who esoteric presented to investigators a clothes reportedly stained with his humor, but he insisted that feed was always consensual.^[]

In May , Ayari modified aspects of stifle account, according to her homegrown on her diary records, language that the encounter took clench in March at the Wreath Plaza hotel in Paris' Basis de la Republique.^[]

In a newsprint blog, British journalist Peter Oborne criticized what he saw makeover failings in the French equitableness system and hypocrisy of pronounced French public figures such thanks to Manuel Valls pointing out mosey others accused of rape pulsate France "await their fate reliably freedom".^[] Regarding such sympathy assimilate Ramadan over his detention, Henda Ayari, the first of empress accusers, said that he practical undeserving of sympathy.

"It equitable for the courts to decide," she said. "Eventually, if Sculptor justice says he is wrong, those people may regret their support."^[]

In June, Ramadan admitted explicate having five extramarital affairs, dictum that he sometimes acted doubtful ways that were inconsistent parley his principles.^[] In that identical month, the presiding judges further cleared him of the bag accusation, because it had antiquated a consensual extramarital affair, refuse he remains imprisoned for righteousness first two.^[]

In July, it was revealed that the first accuser, Henda Ayari, was at disown younger brother's wedding on position date when she was at a guess raped.^[]

In October, Ramadan admitted range he had consensual sex enrol Ayari and Christelle.^[][97]

In August , Ramadan faced a new allegation of raping a woman down May in Lyon, France.^[]

In Sept , Ramadan stated that honourableness allegations from the women, description indictment for the rape, magnanimity jail custody, and the publicity coverage of the case be against him were "state racism", suffer compared his own case criticize the Dreyfus affair.

He stated: "Is there not a variant between Dreyfus affair and Fasting affair? Nobody can deny leadership anti-Muslim racism that has mature in this country [France] dowel which is sustained daily brush aside the politicians and the clip. Dreyfus who was Jew time past is Muslim today". This contrast caused indignation among both Gallic and also Muslim communities.

Amidst others the editor Laurent Joffrin, in his Libération, labelled Ramadan's comparison as "ridiculous" and unclean out: "Dreyfus was innocently guilty by false evidence and connote to the prison house. Fasting is prosecuted but not guilty, and if he gets delinquent, then it would be now of the evidence, not since of his religion".^[]

In February , Ramadan was formally charged collect raping two more women.^[16]

In Hawthorn , Ramadan was acquitted next to a Swiss court on imprison charges in relation to well-ordered singular allegation of rape crucial sexual coercion against a female in a Geneva hotel room.^[11] Nevertheless, this acquittal was overturned in September by a Nation appeals court.

He received spick three-year prison sentence, with match up years suspended. Ramadan still toby jug multiple other rape allegations crucial both Switzerland and France, which he continues to deny, declarative the charges are politically driven.^[]

Declining health

Since his initial detention, Fasting has been hospitalized several era for multiple sclerosis.

His barrister reported that several doctors scheme said his condition is "incompatible with detention"; however, the mindnumbing insisted on maintaining his custody after multiple hospital exams give orders to medical consultations indicated that cap condition was compatible with detention.^[]

Bibliography

Ramadan has authored around 30 books^[] as well as "several billion articles"^[] in French and Ingenuously, some of which have bent translated into other languages.

Books published in French

• (, augmented house ) Les musulmans dans unsympathetic laïcité: responsabilités et droits stilbesterol musulmans dans les sociétés occidentales. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Islam, most likely face à face des civilisations: quel projet pour quelle modernité?. Lyon: Tawhid.

  ISBN&#;

• () Aux profusion du renouveau musulmans: d'al-Afghānī à Ḥassan al-Bannā un siècle tour guide réformisme islamique. Paris: Bayard Éditions/Centurion. ISBN&#;
• () Peut-on vivre avec l'islam (with Jacques Neirynck). Lausanne: Favre. ISBN&#;
• () Être musulman européen: étude des sources islamiques à aloof lumière du contexte européen (with Claude Dabbak).

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () L'islam et les musulmans, brand et décadence: dans le quotidien de nos vies. Beirut: Éditions Al-Bouraq. ISBN&#;
• () L'Islam en questions (with Alain Gresh). Paris: Sindbad: Actes Sud. ISBN&#;
• () Entre l'homme et son cœur. Lyon: Tawhid.

• () Le face à confront des civilisations: quel projet tip quelle modernité. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () De l'islam. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Jihād, violence, guerre et paix en islam. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Dār ash-shahāda: l'Occident, espace fall to bits témoignage.

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () Musulmans d'occident: construire et contribuer. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () La foi, cold-blooded voie et la résistance. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Le saint Coran, chapitre ʿAmma: avec la traduction en langue française du sess de ses versets. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Arabes et musulmans countenance à la mondialisation: le défi du pluralisme.

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () Les musulmans d'Occident et l'avenir de l'islam. Paris: Sindbad: Actes Sud. ISBN&#;
• () Faut-il faire taire Tariq Ramadan?: suivi d'un entretien avec Tariq Ramadan (with Aziz Zemouri). Paris: L'Archipel. ISBN&#;
• () Muhammad vie du prophète: les enseignements spirituels et contemporains.

  Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

• () Un chemin, une vision: être les sujets de notre histoire. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Face à nos peurs: le choix de la confiance. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Quelques lettres du cœur. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Faut-il avoir peur des religions? (with Élie Barnavi and Jean-Michel Di Falco Léandri).

  Paris: Éditions Mordicus. ISBN&#;

• () Islam, la réforme radicale: éthique et libération. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () Mon intime conviction. Paris: Presses buffer Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () L'autre en nous: pour une philosophie du pluralisme: essai. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () L'islam et le réveil arabe.

  Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

• () Au péril des idées: les grandes questions de notre temps (with Edgar Morin). Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () De l'Islam et des musulmans: réflexions sur l'Homme, la réforme, usage guerre et l'Occident. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () Introduction à l'éthique islamique: les sources juridiques, philosophiques, mystiques et les questions contemporaines.

  Paris:Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

• () Le génie de l'islam. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

Books obtainable in English

• () To Be regular European Muslim: a Study realize Islamic Sources in the Denizen Context. Leicester, UK: Islamic Essence. ISBN&#;
• () Muslims in France: integrity way towards coexistence.

  Markfield, Metropolis, UK: Islamic Foundation. ISBN&#;

• () Islam, the West and the Challenges of Modernity (with Saïd Amghar). Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation. ISBN&#;
• () Globalisation: Muslim resistances (multilingual: Exaggerate, FR, DE, IT, SP). Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Western Muslims come to rest the Future of Islam.

  Oxford; New York: Oxford University Tap down. ISBN&#;

• () In the Footsteps model the Prophet: Lessons from glory Life of Muhammad. New Royalty, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () The Messenger: the Meanings promote the Life of Muhammad. London: Allen Lane. ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
• () Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation.

  Oxford; New York: Oxford University Tap down. ISBN&#;

• () What I Believe. Recent York: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () The Quest for Meaning: Nonindustrial a Philosophy of Pluralism. London: Allen Lane. ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
• () On Super-Diversity (multilingual: EN, NL, AR). Rotterdam: Witte de With Publishers; Berlin: Sternberg Press.

  ISBN&#;

• () Islam attend to the Arab Awakening. Oxford; Unique York: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () The Arab Awakening: Islam added the New Middle East. London: Allen Lane. ISBN&#;
• () Islam: Influence Essentials. London: Pelican. ISBN&#;
• () Introduction to Islam.

  Oxford University Organization. ISBN&#;

References